Table I 



Group 



— CH2OH 



Primary alcoliol group 



=CHOH 



Seoondary aloobol group 



^C— OH 



Tertiary alcohol group 



=0=0 

 Carbonyl group 



^OH 



Carboxyl group 



-NHj 

 Amino group 



— C=N 

 Cyanogen group 



TTPICAL eeactioii 



V 



H 



Oxidises to aldehyde — C{ and acid 



— CO2H ^0 



Oxidises to ketone =00 and mixture of acids. 

 Oxidises to mixture of acids. 



With ammonia forms =C: 



OH 



NH„ 



With hydrocyanic acid forms =C( 



OH 



'ON 



With phenyl hydrazine forms 



=C=N— NHCeHs 



.H 



,H, 



Yields on reduction — G\ and — 0— OH 



\o 



Combines with alcohols to form esters of the 

 general formula — COOR 



Replaces H in hydrocarbons to form a 

 primary amine, e.g., CH3NH2, methylamine ; 

 C5H5 — NH2, phenylamine or aniline. 



Replaces hydrogen in an acid to form amino 

 acids thus, CH»NH.,, amino-aoetic. 



I 

 COoH 



Replaces OH in the carboxyl group of an 



acid to form an amide thus, CH3CONH2, 



acetamide. 

 Treated with nitrous acid yields nitrogen 



and an alcohol, thus : — 



RNH2 + HONO = ROH + N2 + H2O 

 The hydrogen in the NHj can be further 



replaced, yielding : — 



R2NH R3N 



Seoondary amine Tertiary amine 



On hydrolysis yields the carboxyl group 



— CO2H 

 On reduction yields an amine, RCH2NH2 



