ECONOMICAL GRADING Z"] 



driven at various points and the height of a 

 fill indicated by marking on the side of a stick 

 the height of the future level. Where soil 

 is to be removed a hole is dug and a stake in- 

 serted at its bottom is sunk to the right level. 

 A distinct scheme of marking should be 

 adopted, a common practice being to paint the 

 top of such a stake with red. 



FILLING AROUND TREES 



Any specimen trees with well developed 

 trunks should be retained so far as practicable. 

 The effect of well-established specimens 

 around the home is worth a great deal of 

 effort to retain them. If only of moderate 

 size it will possibly be better to raise them 

 bodily, doing the work preferably in the winter 

 time when the ball is frozen, after making 

 the necessary provision for it in advance. 



With old trees, or with those that are in- 

 digenous, not nursery grown, the risk involved 

 in disturbing the roots is often too great. In 

 such cases it will be better to leave them in 

 situ and protect the base of the trunk from 

 actual contact with the filled in earth. By 

 no means bury the ball. Build up around the 



