94 ALEXANDER’S WRITINGS ON PRACTICAL BEE CULTURE 
It is not necessary to remove any of the combs or honey from the 
diseased colony; neither is it necessary to disinfect any thing about the 
hive. Simply remove the old queen, and be sure the young queen does 
not commence to lay until three or four days after the old brood is all 
hatched. This treatment with young Italian queens is a perfect cure 
for black or European foul brood. 
In regard to those old queens that were formerly in your old hives, 
I think it best to kill them when you first take them from their colo- 
nies—not that the queen is responsible for the disease, for I am sure 
she is not; but a young Italian queen that has been reared from a choice 
honey-gathering strain is worth so much more to you that I can not 
advise saving these old queens. 
I have experimented along this line considerably, and found, after 
the colony has been without a queen 27 days, as above directed, it 
will usually be safe to give them one of these old queens, and the cure 
will be the same. Still, there have been exceptions, so I advise killing 
them at once. 
Now a few words about your breeding-queen. Buy one of the very 
best you can for this purpose; for upon her real merits rests the true 
value of your apiary hereafter. I would buy a three-comb nucleus with 
this valuable queen, so as to run no risk in introducing her to a fu] 
colony. 
Now, my friends, don’t let another season pass without cleansing 
your apiary of this disease, and also at the same time requeen it with 
young Italian queens so you will not only harvest a fair crop of honey 
next summer, but will have an apiary that you will be proud of and 
take pleasure in showing to your friends. I know many of you have 
become discouraged in trying to rid your apiaries of this fatal disease; 
but that does not help matters any. The only proper thing to do when 
these troubles do come is to face them with a determination to over- 
come any and every obstacle that comes in your way; then when suc. 
cess rewards you for your perseverance, how pleasant it is to look back 
over the past and realize that you have accomplished all you labored 
for! I hope that you who have this disease in your apiaries will give 
this treatment a thorough trial next season. 
November, 1905. 
EUROPEAN VS. AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. 
THE CURE GIVEN NEVER INTENDED FOR AMERICAN FOUL BROOD; THE BEES NOT 
ABLE TO REMOVE LARVAE, DISEASED WITH AMERICAN FOUL 
BROOD, FROM THE CELLS; THE TWO DIS- 
EASES COMPARED. 
I do wish I could impress on the minds of all bee-keepers that 1 
have never recommended any cure for American foul brood, and I wish 
to have it nuderstood that I don’t think that, up to the present time, 
there has ever been a comb that was affected by American foul brood 
