62 QUEEN-REARING IN ENGLAND. 



The apiary is sheltered from wind by a belt of trees and 

 shrubs, chiefly Austrian pine, goat willow, sycamore, and 

 lime. Whichever way the wind blows, there is a sheltered 

 area just outside the apiary in which, I believe, many queens 

 have been mated. No bees are kept within half a mile of 

 Ripple Court Apiary. 



There was also evidence to confirm the opinion that the 

 families consisting of all intermediates were the result of 

 the union of the golden queens with pure black drones. 

 Such families were not very numerous from matings that 

 took place in Ripple Court Apiary, but out of five queens 

 mated at a spot nearly two miles from the apiaiy four 

 produced all intermediates, and one about nine intermediates 

 to one golden. 



Among the families that consisted of both goldens and 

 intermediates, which it is reasonable to suppose were the 

 result of mating with heterozygous drones, the two types 

 appeared in varying proportions. A common proportion was 

 about se\'en goldens to three intermediates, perhaps two to 

 one, but the intermediates were sometimes in excess of the 

 goldens. A case of 90 per cent, intermediates has just been 

 referred to ; and, at the other extreme, it may be mentioned 

 that in 1Q12 I bred from a queen that produced about thirty 

 goldens to ope intermediate ; the proportion of goldens to 

 intermediates was the same in her queen progeny as in her 

 worker progeny, and this has been so with every queen 

 from which I ha\'e bred. 



The queen corresponding to the intermediate worker is 

 shown at Fig. 5 (in Fig. 34). Notice that she, too, is 

 somewhat yellower than the corresponding worker, and that 

 her scutellum is black, not yellow, as in the golden queen. 

 The worker offspring of about thirty of these intermediate 

 queens were examined, and in e\ery case they consisted of 

 goldens, intermediates, and blacks, thus proving that segre- 

 gation of golden from black takes place. The proportions 

 of the three forms varied in different cases, but the inter- 

 mediates were usually greatly in excess of the goldens and 

 the blacks. In many cases almost every degree of coloura- 

 tion between golden and black appeared, but not in equal 

 number's. 



