AQUILEGIA 



lobes rather narrow and deep ; lower st.-lvs. petioled, 

 biternate : sepals oblong, obtuse, ascending, greenish, 

 equaling the broad, greenish petal -limb, but not reaching 

 the head of stamens ; spur straight, slender, Kin. long, 

 not knobbed : pubescent follicles as short as their styles. 

 Summer. E. Siberia.— Not so much used as the follow- 

 ing variety : 



Var. atropurptirea, Vilm. {A. atropurpilrea,WniA.). 

 Limbs of the petals deep blue or lilac-purple, and the 

 sepals and spur somewhat tinged with the same hue. 

 B.R. 922. 



5. Canadensis, Linn. Common Columbine of America. 

 Fig. 124. Height 1-2 ft. : primary divisions of petioles 

 of root-lvs. 1-2 In., having 3 divisions ; 2 or 3 of the st.- 

 lvs. petioled, biternate : fls. several to a st. ; sepals yel- 

 lowish or tinted on the back with red, about Kin. long, 

 not reflexmg ; limb of petals a little shorter, yellowish, 

 truncate ; spur J^in. long, nearly straight, knobbed at 

 the end, bright red throughout ; stamens much protrud- 

 ing : foUicles %in. long, with styles half as long. May- 

 July. Stony banks, etc., east of Rocky Mts. Int. 1890. 

 B.M. 246. L.B.C. 9:888. Mn. 5: 21. R.H. 1896, p. 109. 

 G.W.F. 1. There are some beautiful hybrids of this 

 and the blue species. Var. n4na, Hort. Plant 1 ft. high 

 or less : fls. like the type. 



Var. ilav^scens, Hook. A pale-lvd. yellow-fid. variety. 

 Very pretty. Int. 1889. This has often been called A. 

 flavescens, Wats.; A. cmrulea, var. flavescens, Lawson; 

 and A. flaviflora, Tenney ; A. Canadensis, var. flavi- 

 nora, Brit. B.M. 6552 B. 



6. Buergeii^kna, Sieb. & Zucc. {A. atropurpurea, 

 Miq. ). More slender than A. vulgaris; 1 ft. high, 

 finely pubescent toward the top ; branched to form sev- 

 eral heads, bearing 2-3-petioled, biternate Ivs. ; partial- 

 petioles of basal Ivs. K-1 in. long, with 3 sessile divis- 

 ions : fls. yellow, tinted with purple, 1-1% in. in diam. ; 

 sepals /^in. long, acute, spreading ; spurs erect, nearly 

 straight, as long as the limb of petals, and about equal- 

 ling the sepal ; head of stamens equal to limb in length : 

 follicles pubescent, J^in. long, style half as long. Early. 

 Japan. — Brought from St. Petersburg, 1892. 



AA. Sepals about 1 in. long : expanded fl. about 2 in, 



in diameter. 



B. Spurs shorter than the petal-limb, and incurved. 



7. flabeliata, Sieb. & Zucc. Stem 1-lK ft.,,few-fld.: 

 partial-petioles of root-lvs. 1 in. or more, Ifts. nearly 

 sessile ; st.-lvs. large and petioled : fls. bright lilac, or 

 pale purple or white ; sepals 1 in. long, obtuse ; limb of 

 petal half as long, often white in the lilac-fld. form ; spur 

 shorter than the limb, slender toward the end, much 

 incurved ; stamens not protruding beyond the petal- 

 limbs : follicles glabrous. Summer. Japan. R.H. 1896, 

 p. 109. Var. n&na-dlba, Hort. (var. flore-alba, Hort.). 

 Fls. pure white : plant dwarfish. R.B. 15:157. 



BB. Spur at least as long as petal-limb. 



c. Stamens short, not much protruding. 



8. leptoofiras, Pisch. & Mey. Stem several-fld., about 

 1 ft. high : partial-petioles of root-lvs. over 1 in., Ifts. 

 sessile ; st.-lvs. petioled, biternate : fls. violet, with the 

 tips of the sepals greenish, and tips of the short petal- 

 limb yellow ; spur slender, slightly curved, Kin. long, 

 not knobbed ; stamens protruding a little beyond the 

 limbs of petals : follicles slender, glabrous, nearlv 1 in. 

 long. Summer. E.Siberia. B.R. 33:64. F.S. 3:'29G.- 

 lilttle used in America. 



9. vulgaris, Linn. (A. stell&ta, Hort. A. atr&ta, 

 Koch). Common C. of Europe. Stems lK-2 ft. high, 

 many-fld., finely pubescent throughout : root-lvs. with 

 3 partial-petioles lK-2 in. long, secondary branches 

 certain, ultimate leaf-lobes shallow and roundish, tex- 

 ture firm ; lower st.-lvs. petioled and biternate : fls. 

 violet, furnished with a claw, acute, 1 in. long, half as 

 wide ; petal-limb %in. long, equaling the head of sta- 

 mens ; spur about same length, stout, much incurved, 

 knobbed : foUicles densely pubescent, 1 in. long, style 

 half as long. Summer. Eu., Sib., and naturalized in Am. 

 Gn. 12, p. 288. Var. fldre-pl^no, Hort. Fls. much dou- 

 bled, ranging from pure white to deep blue. Here be- 

 long many horticultural varieties with personal names. 



AQUILEGIA 



85 



Var. Vervaeneina, Hort. (var. foUis-atireis, Hort. Var. 

 atrovioldcea. Hort.). Lvs. with yellow variegated lines. 



Var. nivea, Baumg. (var. dlba, Hort.). Mtinstead's 

 White C. Often 2-3 ft. high : a great profusion of large, 

 pure white fis. for several weeks in early spring. 



Var. Olympica, Baker [A. Olympica, Boiss. A.Witt- 

 manniAna, Hort. A. bldnda, Lem.). A fine variety, 

 with several large flowers ; sepals light lilac or bright 

 pui-ple, 1 in. or more in length ; petal-limb white. I.H. 

 4:146. R.H. 1896, p. 108. 



Var. hjbrida, Sims. Much like the last variety, but 

 with stout, lilac-purple spurs as long as the sepals, only 

 slightly incurved. Probably a hybrid of A. vulgaris and 

 A. Canadensis. B.M. 1221. 



10. Sibirica, Lam. (J . Iii'coZoc, Ehrh. A . Garnieridna , 

 Sweet. A. specidsa, DC). Stem lK-2 ft. high, many- 

 fld. ; often nearly glabrous throughout : partial-petioles 

 of root-lvs. 1-2 in., sometimes showing 3 distinct 

 branches; terminal Ifts. 1 in. or more broad, lobes rather 

 shallow and rounded ; lower st.-lvs. petioled and biter- 

 nate : fls. pale or bright lilac-blue ; oblong sepals fully 

 1 in. long, spreading or refiexed a little ; petal-limb half 

 as long, equaling the head of stamens, and often white ; 

 spur rather stout, Kin. or more, very much incurved, 

 or even coiled : follicles glabrous, 1 in. long, style Kin. 

 Summer. E. Siberia. S.B.P.G. II. 1: 90. Var. fl6re-pl6no, 

 Hort. {A. bicolor, var. flore-pleno, Hort.). Pis. much 

 doubled by the multiplication of both the limbs and the 

 spurs. 



Var. spect&bills, Baker {A. spectdbilis, Lem.). A 

 large, bright lilac-fld. var. ; petal-limbs tipped yellow. 

 Amurland. I.H. 11:403. 



cc. Stamens long , protruding far beyond the petal-limb. 



11. formdsa, Tesch. (A. Canadensis, var. formdsa, 

 Wats.). Habit as in A. Canadensis ; root-lvs. and st.- 

 lvs. like that species, but fls. brick red and yellow, or 

 wholly yellow, and sepals larger, quite twice as long as 

 petal-limb ; spurs more spreading, somewhat more slen- 

 der, and often shorter. May-Aug. Sitka to Calif, and 

 E. to the Rockies. Int. 1881. B.M. 6552. F.S. 8: 795. 

 Gt.32:372. R.H. 1896, p. 108. G.C. 1854: 836. Var. hj- 

 brida, Hort. (A. Calif omica,Y&r, hybrida, Hort.). Fls. 

 large, with scarlet sepals and yellow petals ; spurs 

 spreading, long and slender. A supposed hybrid with 

 A. ehrysanlha. P.M. 1877: 278. Vick's 1: 33 f. 2. Var. 

 rilbra pl^no, Hort. (var. flore-pleno, Hort.). Fls. as in 

 var. hybrida, but several whorls of petal-limbs. Var. 

 nina 41ba, Hort. Pis. pale, often nearly white ; plant 

 not exceeding 1 ft. 



Var. trunc4ta, Baker {A. trttncdta, Pisch. A. Cali- 

 fdrnica, Lindl. ). Pis. with short, thick spurs and very 

 small sepals and a small petal-limb. Int. 1881. P. S. 

 12: 1188 (as A. eximia, Hort.). 



12. SMnneri, Hook. Stem 1-2 ft. high, many-fld., gla- 

 brous : root-lvs. long-petioled, with both primary and 

 secondary divisions long ; Ifts. cordate, 3-parted ; sev- 

 eral st.-lvs. petioled and biternate : sepals green, keeled, 

 lanceolate, acute, never much spreading, %-l in. long ; 

 petal-limb greenish orange, half as long as sepal; spur 

 brigt red, tapering rapidly, over 1 in. long ; stamens 

 protruding far beyond the limb ; styles 3 : f r. , at least 

 when young, bearing broad, membranous, curled wings. 

 After flowering, the peduncles become erect. July-Sept. 

 Mts. of Nor. Mex. B.M. 3919. P.M. 10:199. B.H.4:1. 

 F.S. 1:17. Vick's 1:33 f. 5 (poor). -A handsome plant, 

 requiring a light soil in a sunny border. Var. flore- 

 pleno, Hort. Pis. double. Gt. 34:57. Very fine. 



BBB. Spurs very long, several times the length of 

 petal-limb. 



13. chrysdntha. Gray {A. leptoceras, var. chrysdntha. 

 Hook.). Fig. 125. Height 3-4 ft. : root-lvs. with twice 

 3-branched petioles, Ifts. biternate ; st.-lvs. several, 

 petioled : fls. many on the plant, 2-3 in. across ; sepals 

 pale yellow, tinted claret, spreading horizontally ; petal- 

 limb deep yellow, shorter than the sepals, and nearly as 

 long as the head of stamens ; spur rather straight, very 

 slender, divergent, about 2 in. long, descending when 

 fl. is mature : follicles glabrous, 1 in. long ; style half 

 as long. May-Aug. N. Mex. and Ariz. Gn. 16:198. B.M. 



