98 ARIZONA 



the foliage. Citrous, olive and fig trees are rarely if ever 

 pruned, and grapes are usually cut back to two or three 

 buds. Among small fruits, strawberries, although pro- 

 ducing the larger part of their crop during April or 

 May, ripen fruit every month of the year. 



The following is a brief list of the best and most prof- 

 itable commercial varieties of the more important fruits 

 and nuts grown in the irrigated regions. The list is 

 compiled from the answers to a circular letter sent to 

 60 of the largest fruit-growers in southern Arizona : 



Almonds.— 'Ne Plus Ultra, IXL. „ . . ^ 



Apples, early.— Early Harvest, Early Strawberry, Ked Astra- 



Chan. 

 Apples, late.— White Pearmaiu, Ben Davis. 

 Apricots, early.— Bennet's Early, New Castle, Peach, Prmgle. 

 Apricots, late.— Moorpark, Royal. Smith's Triumph, St. Am- 



Blackberriea.—limTton's Early, Crandall's Early, Early Har- 

 vest. 



J?e«j6erWes.— May's. 



Grapes.— Thompson's Seedless, Sultana Seedless, Rose ot i'eru, 

 Salem, Muscat, Rogers' No. 9. 



Qrape Frut(.— Triumph, Walter, Bowin. 



iemons.— Villa Tranea, Sicily. 



Miii6e'mes.— Downing, Russian. 



Oiiues. —Manzanillo, Nevadillo Blanco, Mission. 



Orffljiffes.- Ruby Blood, Jaffa, Parson's Brown, Mediterranean 

 Sweet, Bahia (Washington Navel). 



Peaches, early.— Early Crawford, Parson's Early, Triumph, 

 Sneed, Strawberry. 



Peaches, late.— Globe, Salway, Oldmixon, Heath's Freestone, 

 Muir, December Cling. 



Pears, early.- Wilder, Brandywine, Bartlett. 



Pears, late.— Winter Nelis, Pia Berry. 



Pittms.— Wickson, Kelsey, Botan White, Royale Hative. 



Pomegranates.— Uxiby, Sweet, Red PapersheU(?), Golden. 



Quinces.— Champion, Portugal, Orange. 



,Sirawj&erries.— Arizona Everbearing. 



J. W. TOUMET. 



ARKANSAS. The horticultural products of Arkansas 

 are varied, owing to the great differences of climate, 

 elevation and soil. The seasons in the southern part of 

 the state are about three weeks earlier than in the north- 

 ern. There is much variation between nearby points. 

 In the western part of the state, owing to the differ- 

 ence in altitude, within a distance of 60 miles there is 

 from a week to 10 days difference in the seasons. This 

 admits of a great diversity of fruit and vegetable pro- 

 duction within the limits of the state. 



The northwestern section of the state is noted for its 

 fine apples, and they are grown extensively for market. 

 This section has also produced a number of seedling ap- 

 ples that are being largely planted there as well as else- 

 where. There are several of these new apples, and 

 others of value are constantly coming into notice. A 

 few of those of special value are Arkansas, Oliver, Col- 

 lins, and Givens. It is probable that some of these new 

 apples will become standard varieties, for in addition to 

 being productive they are good keepers. Winter apples 

 are not grown so extensively in other sections of the 

 state, but summer and fall varieties are grown to some 

 extent in all sections. 



Peaches are grown for market along the lines of rail- 

 road in the western section of the state, and the acreage 

 is being largely increased each year. For marketable 

 purposes the Elberta is grown almost exclusively, and 

 is shipped in car lots to the northern markets. The 

 earlier varieties have not proved profitable for ship- 

 ping purposes. Peaches are grown for home market 

 throughout the state. Strawberry-growing is an impor- 

 tant industry in western Arkansas, and is carried on to 

 some extent in many localities in the eastern and south- 

 ern parts, where they are grown in small quantities for 

 shipment. The acreage around some of the shipping 

 points in the western part is large, reaching about three 

 thousand acres at one point. The varieties grown most 

 extensively are Michel and Crescent. Owing to the 

 strict laws against the selling of wine in the state, grape- 

 growing is not carried on to any great extent. On the 

 elevated sections the table and wine grapes succeed 

 well, and in some localities table grapes are grown for 

 shipment. The Souppernong succeeds in south Arkan- 

 sas. Pears are grown in some sections for market, but 

 not to any great extent, owing to the prevalence of pear 

 blight, while blackberries and raspberries are grown for 

 the home market in most sections. Cherries are grown 



ARKANSAS 



only for the home market, the Morello type alone being 

 successful. 



In order to describe more accurately the horticultural 

 condition of the state, we have divided it into four sec- 

 tions, in the order of their present development and their 

 natural adaptability to horticultural productions (Fig. 

 143). Section 1, located in the northwestern part of the 



143. The horticultural zones of Arkansas. 



State, is a mountainous country, fairly well developed, 

 and is adapted to all classes of horticulture. Section 2, 

 located south of section 1, is partly mountainous and 

 partly low land and, from a horticultural standpoint, is 

 not so well developed as section 1, while in sections 3 

 and 4, located in the extreme southern and eastern parts 

 of the state, horticulture has received little attention. 



Section 1. —The elevation of this section ranges from 

 800 to 2,000 feet, the greater portion being about 1,200 

 feet. The country is mostly uneven, and parts of it are 

 somewhat mountainous. The Ozark Mountain system 

 enters the state from the northwest, while the Boston 

 Mountains, a range of this system, extend across the 

 section just north of and parallel with its southern 

 boundary. Fruit and vegetables are grown for shipping 

 along the lines of railroad in the western part. The re- 

 mainder of this section, although remote from railroads, 

 is well adapted to fruit-growing, and with transportation 

 facilities it promises to be equally productive. The apple 

 leads as a fruit product. In 1897, there were shipped 

 from the western part, principally from two counties, 

 over 2,000 cars of apples. 



Sbotion 2. — The elevation of this section ranges from 

 300 to 2,820 feet, the greater part of it, however, ranging 

 from 300 to 800 feet. Most of this section consists of 

 rough land. Strawberries are grown for shipment, prin- 

 cipally in the western part. 'The berries ripen early in 

 this locality, and the growers usually begin shipping 

 the latter part of April. At a few points, peaches are 

 extensively grown for shipment. Plums, blackberries, 

 raspberries and summer apples are grown to some 

 extent in all localities, while winter apples are success- 

 fully grown on the higher land. Here, vegetable-grow- 

 ing for the northern markets is receiving much atten- 

 tion. Such crops as beans, peas, tomatoes and canta- 

 loupes are extensively grown in some localities along 

 the railroads. The area in cantaloupes reaches nearly 

 1,000 acres at some of the shipping points. These crops 

 can be grown early enough to bring good prices in the 

 markets of the north, and are shipped in oar lots. 



Section 3.— This section is mostly low, but the land 

 is uneven, and much of it is adapted to fruits and vege- 

 tables. It ranges in elevation from 140 to 360 feet. 

 Peaches and summer apples succeed on the higher land, 

 and are grown to some extent in all localities. Vege- 

 tables can also be successfully grown, but little atten- 

 tion has been given to these lines of farming here. 

 Stravjberries are grown only for home market. 



