BAMBOO 



in others the Ivs. fall from the culms before the fls. 

 appear, or the inflorescence is produced on leafless, radi- 

 cal stems. Fruotiflcation does not exhaust the vitality 

 of some species ; but others, on the other hand, perish 

 even to the portions underground, leaving their places 

 to be filled by their seedling offspring. Owing largely 

 to the difficulty in obtaining flowering specimens, the 

 systematic arrangement ornomenclature of the Bamboo 

 is in a sad plight. As it is sometimes even impossible to 

 accurately determine the genus without fls., the correct 

 positions of some forms are not known. 



Four subtribes of Bambusesa are regarded by Hackel, 

 namely: Arundinariem. -Stamens 3; palea 2-keeled : 

 fr. with the seed grown fast to the seed-wall. To this 

 belongs Arundinaria. MJubambusem. — Stamens 6 : fr. 

 with the seed fused to a delicate seed-wall. Bambusa is 

 the only garden genus. Deiidrocalameee. — Stamens 6 

 (rarely more) : palea 2-keeled : fr. a nut or berry. Here 

 belongs Dendrocalamus. JlfeJoca«nece. — Characters of 

 last, but palea not keeled. Melocanna is an example. 



The genera Arundinaria, Bambusa and Phyllostachys 

 contain the most important species in cultivation, some 

 of which are briefly described below. Roughly, the 

 species of Arundinaria may be separated from Phyllo- 

 stachys by the persistent 

 sheaths and cylindrical 

 stems. In Phyllostachys the 

 sheaths are early deciduous, 

 and the internodes, at least 

 those above the base, are flat- 

 tened on one side. Arundina- 

 ria and Bambusa cannot be 

 separated by horticultural 

 characters. It is probable 

 that many of. the forms now 

 classed as species of Bam- 

 busa will eventually be found 

 to belong to Arundinaria. 

 Extended information i-e- '^ 



garding the Bambusefe may 

 be found in the following publications : 

 Munro's Monograph, in Transactions of 

 the Linnseau Soc.ety, vol. 26 (1868) ; 

 Hackel, in Die Naciirlichen Pflanzenfa- 

 milien, vol. 2, part 2, p. 89 (1887), Eng- 

 lish Translation by Lamson-Scribner <S 

 South worth, as The True Grasses, N. T., 

 1890; papers by Bean in Gardeners' Chron- 

 icle III., 15: 167, et seq. (1894); Preeman- 

 Mitford, The Bamboo Garden, 1896, N. Y., 

 Macmillan, p. 224 ; A. and C. Eivifere, 

 Les Bambous, Paris, 1879. The first two 

 are systematic ; the others contain popular 

 and cultural notes. The following species are commended 

 as being among the hardiest : Phyllostachys HenoniSj 

 P. nigra, P. viHdi-glaueescens , Aritndiuaria J'aponlca, 



A, nitida, A, macrosperma, Bambusa palmata, B. tes- 

 sellata and B. pygmcsa. C. D. Beadle. 



The illustrations in the present article are adapted 

 from Mitford's Bamboo Garden. Mitford's work cannot 

 be praised too highly. It has done much to create a 

 popular appreciation of Bamboos, and also to clear up 

 the complete confusion into which the trade names have 

 fallen. Mitford's book has a literary quality that is 

 very rare in horticultural writing, and represents a type 

 that deserves the warmest appreciation in America; viz., 

 the discriminating enthusiasm of the expert amateur. 



Arundinaria is derived from Latin arundo, a reed ; 

 Bambusa from a Malay name ; Phyllostachys from 

 Greek pJiyllon, leaf, and stachys, spike. W. M. 



The following alphabetical list contains all the kinds 

 of Bamboos known to be cult, in Amer. A=Arundina- 

 ria ; B^Bambusa ; D ^ Dendrocalamus ; P = Phyllo- 

 stachys ; T = Thamnocalamus, which is here considered 

 a subgenus of Arundinaria. No Japanese native names 

 are given below, although many Bamboos are still ad- 

 vertised under such names. The prevailing tendency is 

 to discard Japanese native names in every branch of 

 horticulture, as they breed hopeless confusion. 



B. angustifolia, 15 ; B. arundinacea, 11 ; B. anrea, 28; 

 P. aurea, 28 ; A. auricoma, 16 ; P. bambusoirtes, 32 ; 

 P. Castillonis, 26 ; A. chrysantba, 17; B. cJirysantli a, 17; 



B. dlsticha, 18 ; B. erecta, 10 ; A, falcata, 9 ; B. fal- 



BAMBOO 



127 



cata, 9 ; A. Palconeri, 8 ; T. Falconeri, 8 ; A. Portunei, 

 14; A. Portunei, var. aurea, 16; A. Portunei, var. 

 viridis, 22 ; B. Portunei, 14 ; B. Portunei, v&T.' aurea, 

 16; B. gracilis, 8 ; B. Benonis, 30; P. Henonis, 30; 



A. Hindsii, 10 ; A. humilis, 22 ; A. Japonlca, 6 ; P. Ku- 

 masaca, 33 ; P. Kumasasa, 33 ; A. macrosperma, i; A. 

 macrosperma, var. suffruticosa, 5 ; B. Maximowiczii, 7 ; 



B. Mazeli, 29 ; B. Metake, 6 ; B. mitis, 25 ; P. mitis, 25 ; 

 B. liana, 18 ; ^. Narihira, 7; B. JVariJtira,7', B. nigra, 

 2i ; P. nigra, 23; A. nitida, 3; B. palmata, 19; B.plicata, 

 7 ; A.pumila, 2; B. piimila,2\ B. pygmsea, 21; B. quad- 

 rangularis, 12 ; B. Quilloi, 29 ; P. Quilioi, 29 ; B. Baga- 

 mowskii, 20; B. ruscifolia, 33 ; P. ruscifolia, 33 ; A. 

 Simoni, 7 ; B. Simoni, 7 ; A. tecta, 5; B. tessellata, 20 ; 

 A. Veitchii, 1 ; B. Veitchii, 1 ; B. Vilmorini, 15 ; B. 

 viminalis, 33 ', B. violascen a, 2i ; P. violascens, 24 ; B. 

 viridi-striata, 7 ; B. viridi-glaucescens , 31 ; P. viridi- 

 glaucescens, 31 ; B. vulgaris, 13. 



Section I. — Internodes not flattened: sheaths persist- 

 ent. {The genera Arundinaria. and Bambiisa,) 

 A. Color of stems purple, or purplish, 

 B. Height IS ft. 

 1. A.VSitchii,N. E. BrownfBamfiiisa Veitchii, Carv.). 

 Pig. 183. Height about 2 ft. : stems pur- 

 ple, white-waxy below the nodes : Ivs. 

 5-7 in. long, about 2 in. wide, bright 

 -- green above, below pale and minutely 

 pubescent, serrate. Jap. M. 77, but 

 not G.C. HI. 15: 169, or R.B. 23, p. 270, 



183. Arundinaria Veitchii. 



which are pictures of B. palmata, as explained in G.C. 

 III. 15: 209. — This is also liable to confusion with £. tes- 

 sellata. No. 20. The edges of the Ivs. wither in late au- 

 tumn, giving a variegatfed but shabby appearance. 



2. A.ptimila,Mitford(.B.p»»u;a,Hort.). Heightl2-20 

 in. : stems very slender, purplish, white-waxy below the 

 nodes : Ivs. 4-5 in. long, % in. or less wide, minutely pu- 

 bescent, bright green.— Much rarer than No. 1, dwarfer, 

 the stems merely purplish, the Ivs. shorter and nar- 

 rower. The Ivs. are a darker green than in A . humilis, 

 shorter, narrower, and tapering less gradually : nodes 

 less well defined and less downy, but having a waxy 

 bloom; internodes about 23^ in. long. 



BB. Height 6-8 ft. or more. 



3. A. nitida, Mitford. Pig. 184. Stems slender, about 

 the size of a goose-quill : Ivs. 2-3 in. long, J^in. wide, 

 shining green above, pale beneath ; sheaths purplish, 

 pubescent. China. M. 73. G.C. III. 18: 179; 24: 211. Gn. 

 49, p. 388. — Considered by Mitford the daintiest and 

 most attractive of all the genus, and exceptionally 

 hardy. Some shade is needed, as the ivs. curl up in full 

 sunlight. Easily distinguished from Nos. 1 and 2 by 

 the deeper color of the stems, which are almost black, 

 and from .4. Palconeri, which it resembles in habit, the 

 branches of both occurring in dense clusters. 



AA. Color of stems green. 



B. Height more than 6 ft. 



C. Species native to the U. S. 



4. A. maorosp§rma,Michx. Large Cane. Height 10-20 

 ft., branches numerous, short, divergent : Ivs. 4-6 in. 



