BAUHINIA 



BEAN 



135 



spathe-like ; petals 5, clawed, obovate-oblong, veined, 

 rose-colored, the lowest one larger, broader above the 

 middle, strongly marked with crimson : pod 1-2 ft. long. 

 India. B.M. 6818.— The coloring of the fls. varies. 



Var. Candida, Roxb. {A. alba, Buck-Ham.). Height 

 12 ft. : ils. white, beautifully veined with green ; fls. 

 Feb. to May. B.M. 7.312. "A taller grower than A. 

 acuminata, hlooming in late winter and early spring. 

 Very quick-growing, and ornamental even when not in 

 bloom."— Eeasoner Bros. 



purptirea, Linn. Height 6 ft. : Ivs. coriaceous, rufous- 

 tomentose beneath when young ; Ifts. broadly ovate, 

 4-nerved : petals red, one streaked with white on the 

 claw, lanceolate, acute ; fertile stamens 3, very long, the 

 rest sterile or abortive : pod 1 ft. long. India, Burma, 

 China.— Without doubt one of the finest flowering small 

 trees in S. Fla. Flowers are borne in the greatest pro- 

 fusion, 3 to 5 inches across, varying in color from 

 almost white to a shade of rich purple, and marked 

 and shaded with many tones. The plant is very robust 

 and hardy here, growing to a height of 15 feet in less 

 than 2 years, and blooms all winter and spring. 



GAlpini, N. E. Brown. Half-climbing shrub, 5-10 ft. : 

 Ivs. 1-3 in. long, 2-lobed from one-fifth to one-half their 

 length, 7-nerved ; petiole about K in. long : racemes 

 6-10-fld. : petals 5, all alike, 1-13^ m. long ; claw as 

 long as the limb ; limb orbicular, cuspidate, brick-red ; 

 fertile stamens 3 : pod 3-5 in. long ; seeds dark brown. 

 S. and Trop. Afr. B.M. 7494.-Disoovered 1891. Fls 

 borne continuously from spring to late autumn. 



BE. Fls. pure white, 

 acuminata, Linn. Height 5-6 ft. : Ifts. ovate, acumi- 

 nate, parallel, 4-nerved, closing at night : fls. 2-3 in. 

 across ; fertile stamen long and nearly free, the other 

 9 short, connected, and sterile. India, Malaya, China. 

 — One of the most satisfactory of all, either for open 

 ground or greenhouse culture, as it will bloom the first 

 summer, when but a few months old and but a foot or 

 two higli, and in succeeding summers blooms continu- 

 ously from May to September. 



AA. Iivs. divided beyond the middle. 

 B. Leaflets not entirely free: fls. colored. 

 corymbdsa, Roxb. Woody climber, branching from the 

 ground.: branches grooved: tendrils opposite, revolute: 

 Ivs. iyi-2 in. long, outer edges slightly rounded, inner 

 edges straight and parallel; nerves 2-4 : fls. numerous, 

 corymbose, 1 in. across, rosy, ithw fluted petals, and 

 characteristic venation ; stamens 3, bright red, 3 very 

 long, the rest abortive. China. B.M. 6621. 



BB. Leaflets entirely free: fls. ivJtite. 



NataMnsis, Oliver. Small shrub : Its. nimierous ; 

 leaflets each 1 in. long, with a midrib and a few nerves, 

 dark green ; petioles ^-yiin. long : fls. single or in 

 2's, IKin, across, white, the midvein of the 3 upper 

 petals reddish ; petals erect or spreading, the 2 lower 

 ones larger ; stamens 10, 5 long and 5 short : pod 3 in. 

 long. S. Afr. B.M. 6086.— Not advertised at present. 



B. Sobkeri, ¥. Muell., from Austral., and B. Bichardsoni, 

 Hort., PrancescM, are also advertised at present. 



E. N. Eeasoner and W. M. 



BAY-TEEE. See Laurus. 



BEAN, A name applied to various plants of the Legu- 

 m indsm. The Beans chiefly known to agriculture are of 

 five types : (1) The Broad Beau (Vicia Faba), or the 

 Bean of history, an erect-growing plant, producing very 

 large and usually flat, orbicular or angular seeds. Prob- 

 ably nativeto S.W.Asia (Pigs. 190, 191, a). See Vicia. 

 These types of Beans are extensively grown in Europe, 

 mostly for feeding animals. They are either grown to 

 full maturity and a meal made from the Bean, or the plant 

 is cut when nearly full grown and used as forage or made 

 into ensilage. The Broad Bean needs a cool climate and 

 long season. In the U. S. the summers are too hot and 

 dry for its successful cultivation on a large scale, and the 

 plant is practically unknown there. In Canada, the plant 

 is used in connection with corn to make ensilage ; and 

 this combination is known as the "Robertson mixture." 



(2) Kidney Bean (Fhaseohis vulgaris, which see ; Figs. 

 191, b, 192). This is the plant which is every where known 

 as Bean in North America, comprising all the common 

 field, garden, snap and string Beans, both bush and 

 climbing. By the French it is known as Haricot, and this 



190. Broad Bean— Vicia Faba (X 1-5). 



word is often found in our literature. Its nativity is un- 

 known, but it is probably of tropical American origin. 

 For inquiries into the nativity of the Bean, see DeCan- 

 dolle. Origin of Cultivated Plants ; Gray & Trumbull, 

 Amer. Jour. Sci. 26:130 ; Sturtevant, Amer. Nat. 1887: 

 332 ; Wittmack, Ber. der Deutschen Bot. Gesellschaft, 

 0:374 (1888). (3) Lima or Sugar Beans (Phaseolus lu- 

 natus, which see) . Long-season, normally tall-climbing 

 plants, producing large, flat seeds (Figs. 191, c, 193). 

 Native to S. Amer. See Bailey, Bull. 87, Cornell Exp. 

 Sta. (4) Various species of Dolichos (as I>, sesquipe- 

 dalix). Vines which produce very long, slender pods and 

 small, narrow Beans (Figs. 191, d, 194). Nativeto trop. 

 Amer. See Dolichos. (5) Soy, or Soja, Bean {Glycine 

 hispida, which see). A bushy, erect, hairy plant, pro- 

 ducing small pods in clusters, and pea-like seeds (Pigs. 

 191, e, 195). In this country comparatively little known, 

 and used mostly forforage. Native to China and Japan, 

 where it is much grown. Aside from these types, there 

 are others of less economic importance. The Scarlet 

 Runner type is a perennial Phaseolus (P. m uUiflorus), 

 grown in this country mostly for ornament (Fig. 196). 

 Various other species of Phaseolus are also cult, ni 

 various parts of the world under the name of Beans. P. 

 radiatus is prized in Japan, and has been int. into the 

 U. S. as Adzuki Bean (see Georgeson, Bull. 32, Kans. 

 Exp. Sta.). Vigna Sinensis, known in N. Amer. as 

 Cow-pea (which see), is sometimes called a Bean. The 

 Velvet Bean of the South is aMucuna (which see). The 

 Jack Bean is a Canavalia (Fig. 197). The Sea Beans fo 

 the Florida coast are seeds of various tropical legumi- 

 nous plants, and are transported by ocean currents (see 

 Coe, in G.F. 7:503). l. h. B. 



CnLTUEE OF THE Bean.— The practical grower usually 

 divides the many varieties of Beans into two groups— 

 the bush and the pole Beans. The one includes all those 



