154 



BERBERIS 



BERBEEIS 



cies cult, in England in Plore des Serres, 6 : 66 and 73 

 (1850-1). 



Index : Amurensis, No. 2 ; Aquifolinm, 21 ; aristata, 

 15 ; asperma, 1 ; atropurpurea, 1 ; Bealii, 19; buxifolia, 

 9; Canadensis, 4; OaroUniana, i; Darwini, 12; dulcis, 

 1,9; emarginata, 3 ; Portunei, 24; Premonti, 17; Hako- 

 date, 2 ; heteropoda, 6 ; ilicifolia, 11, 14 ; integrifolia, 

 7 ; Jamesoni, 13, 16 ; Japonioa, 2, 19 ; Maximowiczi, 8 ; 



225. Berberis vulgaiis, in fruit. 



Nepalensis, 20 : nervosa, 22 ; Neuberti, 14 ; pinnata, 

 18 ; pluriflora, 8 ; repens, 23 ; Sieboldi, 2, and suppl. 

 list ; Sinensis, 5 ; stenophylla, 10 ; Thunbergi, 8 ; vul- 

 garis, 1 ; Walliehiana, 13. 

 A. Jjvs. simple, usually fasciculate in the axils of 

 spines, deciduous or persistent. 

 B. Foliage deciduous : Ivs. membranaceous or 

 chartaceous . 

 0. Fls. in racemes. 

 D. Branches gray, except those of the purple-leaved 

 form. 



1. vulgd.ris, Lion. Common Barbeery. Fig. 225, 226. 

 From 4-8 ft., rarely 15: branches grooved, upright or 

 arching : Ivs. oblong-spathulate or obovate, setulose- 

 dentate, membranaceous, 1-2 in. long : racemes pendu- 

 lous, many-fld. ; fls. bright yellow : fr. oblong, usually 

 purple. May, June. Eu. to E. Asia ; escaped from cul- 

 ture and naturalized inE.N. Amer. Gn. 35: 693.— Hand- 

 some in spring, with its golden yellow fls. and light 

 green foliage; and in fall, with its bright scarlet fruits, 

 remaining through the whole winter. A very variable 

 species ; also the six following species are included by 

 some botanists as varieties. Of the many garden forms, 

 the most effective is var. atropurpiirea, Egl., with pur- 

 ple colored Ivs. Grt. 9:278, 1. There are also varieties 

 with variegated Ivs. and purplish black, whitish or yellow 

 berries, as var. dlba, white-fruited ; var. aBp6rma, seed- 

 less ; var. diUcis, less acid ; var. Ititea, yellow-fruited ; 

 var. mitis, less thorny ; var. nigra, black-fruited ; var. 

 yiold.cea or fnictn-viol^ceo, violet-fruited. The spines 

 of the Barberry are, morphologically, Ivs., and the Ivs. 

 are borne on short branches in their axils (Pig. 226). 

 The stamens are sensitive. Touch the filaments with a 

 pin when the fls. first open, and the stamens fly for- 

 ward upon the pistO. 



2. Amurensis, Eupr. {B. vulgaris, var. Amur4nsis, 

 Egl. ) . Three to 8 ft. : branches straight,npright, grooved : 

 Ivs. cuneate, oblong or elliptic, densely ciliate-dentate, 

 distinctly veined beneath, 1-3 in. long: racemes upright 

 or nodding, 6-12-fld., about as long as Ivs. : fr. oblong, 

 scarlet. Manchuria, N. China. Gng. 5 : 119. Var. Ja- 

 pdnica, Eehd. (B. vulgaris, var. Japdnica, Rgl. B. Sie- 

 boldi, iioit.,TiotMiq. B.Hakoddte,HoTt.). Lvs. firmer 

 and more chartaceous, prominently veined beneath, 

 shorter petioled, dark green above. Jap. G.P. 3:249as 

 B. Sieboldi. A. G. 18: 454.— Vigorous-growing shrubs, 

 standing drought well, with brilliant orange and scarlet 

 fall-coloring, especially the variety. 



3. emarginita, Willd. One to 3 ft. , in culture usually 

 higher : spines simple to 5-parted, sometimes longer 

 than the lvs. : lvs. cuneate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 

 setulose-dentate, X-154 in. long : racemes short, up- 

 right ; petals usually emarginate. S. Eu. to Himal.— 

 Low spiny shrub with handsome fall-coloring. 



DD. Branches reddish browner brown: lvs. usually 

 sparsely dentate, sometimes entire. 



4. Canadensis, Mill. (5. Ca»-o!!!ii5«ffl, Loud.). One to 

 3 ft. : spines small, 3-parted ; lvs. ouneate-oblong, re- 



motely spimilose-dentate, rarely entire, 1-2 in^ hmgr 

 racemes few-fid., nodding, about as long as the lvs.; 

 petals retuse or emarginate : fr. short-oval or nearly 

 globular, coral-red. AUeghanies.-The plant sold under 

 this name is usually B. vulgaris. 



5. SlnfinBis, Desf. Prom 4-6 ft., with slender, often 

 arching branches and small, 3-5-parted spines : lvs. cu- 

 neate, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, coarsely setulose- 

 dentate, sometimes entire, green or glaucescent beneath, 

 1-2 in. long : racemes pendulous, slender-peduncled, 

 bright or pale yellow : berries oval or oblong, blood-red. 

 Prom Caucasus to Himal. and China. B.M. 6573.— A 

 hardy, graceful species, very handsome in fruit. 



6. heterbpoda, Schrenk. Three to 6 ft.: branches 

 stout, spreading, with few short spines : lvs. broadly 

 obovate, entire or remotely serrate, pale bluish green, 

 l}^-2 in. long, some short and some slender-petioled : 

 fis. in long-stalked, few-fld. racemes, orange-yellow, fra- 

 grant: fr. oblong, dark blue with glaucous bloom. May. 

 Turkestan, Songaria. G.P. 8: 455.— Handsome and 

 very distinct species. 



7. integerrima, Bunge. In habit and appearance very 

 like No. 6, and difficult to distinguish without fl.-olus- 

 ters : stems terete and brown : lvs. broad-obovate, re- 

 motely dentate or entire, dark bluish green above : ra- 

 cemes dense and upright. Persia, Turkestan, Songoria. 



CO. Fls. usually solitary, rarely in few-fld. umbels : 

 lvs. entire. 



8. Thftnbergii, DC. Pigs. 227, 228. Dense, low shrub, 

 2-4 ft.: branches spreading, deeply grooved, brown, 

 with simple spines : lvs. obovate or spathulate, quite en- 

 tire, glaucescent beneath, K-IK in. long : fls. 1-3, pale 

 yellow : fr. elliptic or nearly globose, bright red. Apr., 

 May. G.F.2:53. B.M. 6646. E.H. 1894:173. A.G.18:357. 

 Gng. 4: 241 ; 5: 119, 353, 355. Mn. 2:118. A.F. 8: 526.- 

 One of the most valuable species, especially remarkable 

 for its low, dense, horizontal growth, its large, brilliant 

 red frs., remaining fresh till the following spring, and for 

 its bright scarlet fall-col- 

 oring ; hardy. Very val- 

 uable for borders of walks 

 and drives. Endures par- 

 tial shade. Cattle and 

 sheep do not browse 

 it much. Var. Maximd- 

 wiczi, Franch. & Sav., 

 has the lvs. green beneath. 

 Var. plurifldra, Koehne, 

 with 3-10 fis. in short, um- 

 bel-like raceme, is perhaps 

 a hybrid with B. vulga- 

 ris ; it has almost gray 

 branches. 



226. Berberis vulgaris. 



Natural size, showing the 



spines and foliage. 



BB. Foliage evergreen or half-evergreen. 



0. Lvs. entire, or rarely with few spiny teeth. 



9. buxifdlia, Poir. {B.diilcis, Sweet). One to 3 ft. r 

 branches brown, grooved ; spines usually 3-parted, 

 short : lvs. cuneate, obovate or elliptic, ^-1 in. long : 

 fls. solitary, on long pedicels, orange yellow : fr. nearly 



