CARNATION 



by G. H. Crane. Among the light pinks, Daybreak 

 (Fig. 374) is still a standby, but there are some among 

 the new ones that will, to all appearance, push it into 

 the background. In the dark pinks, Scott yet claims the 

 honors, but Mrs. Francis Joost, as the newer Tariety, 

 may succeed to its place. In yellow, Gold Nugget is 

 conceded the best. Mayor Pingree is a good large flower, 

 but rather of a pale color, and a shy bloomer. The 

 Carnation par excellence is Mrs. Geo. M. Bradt, white 

 striped scarlet— an even, continuous bloomer through- 

 out the whole season ; a fine, large flower, admired 

 wherever grown, _, ^ 



Fred Dornek. 



CABOB, See Ceratonia. 



CABOLINA ALLSPICE. See Calycanthus. 



CABFEL, One of the separable or component parts 

 of a compound pistil. See Flower. 



CABPENTfiBIA (after Professor Carpenter, of Louisi- 

 ana). SaxifragAce(B. Evergreen shrub, with rather large 

 opposite Ivs. : fls. large, in terminal, loose corymbs; calyx 

 5-parted ; petals 5 ; stamens numerous ; ovary almost 

 superior, 5-6-celled : fr. a many-seeded dehiscent cap- 

 sule. One species in Calif. A highly ornamental ever- 

 green shrub, with very large, white and fragrant fls., 

 but not hardy north. It requires a well-drained, light 

 and sandy soil, and sunny, somewhat sheltered position; 

 it especially dislikes moisture during the winter, and its 

 perishing is often more due to an excess of moisture 

 than to the cold. Prop, by greenwood cuttings under 

 glass in summer, and by suckers, which it produces 

 freely; also, by seeds, sown in spring. 



Califdmica, Torr. Shrub, 6-10 ft. : Ivs. elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, entire or remotely denticulate, bright green above, 

 whitish-tomentose beneath, 2— t in. long: fls. pure white, 

 2K-3 in. in diam., fragrant ; petals orbicular, concave. 

 June, July. B.M.6911. Gn. 31:581, and 54, p. 248. G.C. 

 11,26:113. E.H, 1884, p. 365. J.H. Ill, 29: 251. 



AliFEED BeHDER. 



CABPET BEDDING. See Bedding. 



CABPtNUS (ancient Latin name). CupuUferm (or 

 SetiMcecE) . Hornbeam. Tree, of medium size, some- 

 times shrubby: Ivs. decidi 3, petioled, alternate, ser- 

 rate; stipules deciduous : fls. in catkins, appearing with 

 the ivs.; staminate catkins pendulous, each scale bear- 

 ing 3-13 stamens, 2-forked at the apex ; pistillate cat- 

 kins terminal, slender, each scale bearing two ovaries, 

 the bracts and bractlets of which develop into a large, 

 leafy, more or less 3-Iobed bract, embracing the small, 

 nut-like fruit at the base. About 8 species in C. and E. 

 Asia, 2 in Europe and W. Asia and 1 in N. and C. Amer. 

 Hardy, ornamental tree, usually with dense, round 

 head, and of somewhat slow growth. The wood is very 

 hard and close-grained, and much used in making tools 

 and other small articles. The handsome foliage is rarely 

 attacked by insects, and assumes a yellow or scarlet 

 color in fall. The most beautiful are C. cordata, with 

 large Ivs., and G. Japoniea, of graceful habit and with 

 elegant foliage. The Hornbeam bears severe pruning 

 well, and is very valuable for high hedges, and the 

 European species was formerly much used in the old 

 formal gardens for this purpose; the lattermakes, also, 

 an excellent game cover, as it retains its withered foli- 

 age almost throughout the whole winter. They grow in 

 almost any soil, and even in dry, rocky situations. 

 Prop, by seeds, sown usually in fall, germinating very 

 irregularly ; if they do not spring up the flrst spring, 

 the seed bed should be covered until the following 

 spring with moss or leaf-mold, to keep the soil moist. 

 If intended for hedges, the seedlings should be trans- 

 planted after the flrst year, and allowed sufScient space 

 to prevent them from growing into slender, tall plants, 

 unfit for hedges. The varieties of rarer species are 

 grafted in spring under glass, or in the open air on 

 seedlings of one of the common species. 



Carolim4na,Walt. ( G. Americdna, Michx. ) , American 

 Hornbeam'. Blue Beech. Fig. 376. Bushy tree, rarely 

 40 ft.: Ivs, ovate-oblong, usually rounded at the base, 

 acuminate, sharply and doubly serrate, glabrous at 

 length, except in the axils of the veins beneath, 2-4 in. 



CARRIERIA 



253 



long: fruit-clusters peduncled,2-4in. long: bracts ovate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, %-l in. long, with 2 broad and short 

 inequal lateral lobes, and a much longer middle lobe, 

 usually serrate only on one margin. E.N. America, west 

 to Minnesota and Texas ; also, in Mexico and C. Amer. 

 S.S. 9:447. Em. 1: 199. -Bushy tree, with dense, but 



376, Carpinus Caroliniana (X %). 



slender and often somewhat pendulous branches, and 

 dark bluish green foliage, changing to scarlet or orange- 

 yellow in fall. 



Bfitulus, Linn. European Hornbeam. Tree, to 60 or 

 70 ft. : Ivs. similar to those of the former, cordate or 

 rounded at the base, ovate or oblong-ovate, of somewhat 

 thicker texture, and the veins more impressed above: 

 fruit-clusters 3-5 in. long : bracts over IK in. long, with 

 ovate, lateral lobes, and much longer oblong-lanceolate 

 middle lobe, the margins almost entire or remotely den- 

 ticulate. Europe to Persia. — The most remarkable of the 

 garden forms are the following: Var. Inclsa, Ait. (var. 

 quercifdlia,Desi.). Lvs. incised or lobed, smaller. Var. 

 lastigi&ta, Hort. Of upright growth. Var. purpiirea, 

 Hort. Lvs. purplish when young, green at length. It 

 grows into a taller tree than the American species, though 

 the former is of more vigorous growth when young ; 

 the foliage turns yellow in fall, and remains on the tree 

 throughout the winter. 



O. AineHcdna, Miclix.=C. Caroliniana. — O. corddta, Blme. 

 To 40 ft. : lvs. deeply cordate, ovate or oblong-ovate, witb 14-20 

 pairs of veins, 4-7 in. long. Japan, Manchuria. G-.F. 8:295. 

 The most beautiful species, and quite hardy. — G. duinensis, 

 Scop.=C.orientalis.— C. Japiinica, Bhne. ToSOft.: lvs. slightly 

 cordate or rounded, oblong-ovate, 3-4 in. long, with abont 20 or 

 more pairs of veins. Japan. G-.F. 6: 365 (as Carpinus Carpiniis). 

 E.H. 1895:427. A very graceful species.— C 2aa:ifi6ra, Blme. To 

 50 ft.: lvs. ovate or elliptic-ovate, long acuminate. 2-3 in. long, 

 with 10-14 pairs of veins. Japan. Very attractive in fall, with 

 its long and slender catkins.— (7. orientalis. MUl. Busby tree, 

 to 15 ft. : lvs. ovate or oblong-ovate, 1^-2 in. long, with about 

 10 pairs of veins. S. E. Europe to Persia.— (7. Turczanindwi. 

 Hance. Shrubby tree: lvs. ovate, acute, 1-2 in. long, with 10-12 

 pairs of veins. N. China.— (7. Yirginidna, Michx. f.=C. Caro- 

 liniana.— C. redoensis, Maxim. Small tree: branchlets and lvs. 

 beneath pubescent ; lvs. ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, with 

 about 12 pairs of veins, 2-3 in. long. Japan. 



Alfred Rehder. 



GABBII:BIA (after E. a. Carrifere, prominent French 

 horticulturist and botanist, died 1896). Bixdcem. De- 

 ciduous trees, with alternate, long-petioled, glabrous 

 lvs., resembling in appearance the genus Idesia. Two 

 species, recently discovered in China, of which one, C. 

 calyclna, Franch,, has been introduced. It is a tree to 

 50 ft. high, with rather large, oval or obovate lvs. and 

 apetalous fls. with 5 large sepals in few-fld. terminal 

 racemes. It will be probablv of the same hardiness and 

 culture as Idesia, R, H. 1896, p. 498. 



Alfred Behdeb. 



