CEDKUS 



Gng. 2:8. Var. arg^ntea, Hort. Lvs. with silvery hue. 

 Var. viridis, Hort. Lvs. bright green. Var. robusta, 

 Hort. Lvs. about 2 in. long, very rigid. 



Alfred Rehder. 

 CEIBA. See EHodendron. 



CELANDINE. See Chelidonium. 



CELASTBITS ( Ke lastros , ancient Greek name ) . Celas- 

 trdcete. Shrubs, usually climbing, with alternate, peti- 

 oled, usually deciduous and serrate glabrous lvs.: fls. 

 polygamous, 5-merous, inconspicuous, greenish white, 

 in axillary or terminal panicles or racemes : fr. a cap- 

 sule, dehiscent into 3 valves, each containing 1 or 2 

 seeds, enclosed in a fleshy crimson aril. About 26 spe- 

 cies In S. and E.Asia, Ausoralia and America. Hardy 

 ornamental shrubs, very effective by their bright-colored 

 fruit remaining usually throughout the winter ; they 

 are very valuable for covering trellis-work, trees or 

 rocks and walls. They grow in almost any soil and 

 situation, and as well in shaded as in sunny positions. 

 Prop, by seeds, sown in fall or stratified, and by root- 

 cuttings or layers ; suckers are freely produced, and 

 become sometimes a nuisance in nurseries ; they can be 

 also increased by cuttings o{ mature and of soft wood. 

 The species with perfect fls. in axillary cymes and with 

 evergreen lvs., being rigid and often spiny shrubs, are 

 now included under Gymnosporia, which see. 



scindena, Linn. False Bitter Sweet. Pig. 393. 

 High, climbing to 20 ft. : lvs. cuneate, ovate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, crenate-serrate, glabrous, 2-4 in. 

 long : fls. in terminal, mauy-fld. panicles or racemes : 

 fr. about yiin. in diam., orange-yellow, with crimson 

 seeds. Canada to S. Dakota and N. Mexico. Em. 545. 

 A.G. 11:29,31. G.P.5:569. Gng. 5:119. 



orbicuUtus, Thunbg. {O. arfif»Mf!(s,Thunbg.). High 

 climbing shrub : lvs. cuneate, suborbicular to oblong or 

 obovate, acute or acuminate, crenate-serrate, 2-3 in. 

 long : fr. globular, orange-yellow, with crimson seeds. 

 Japan, China. B.M. 7599. G. P. 3:550. A.F.9:534. G. 

 CHI, 23: 29. Gng. 5:119. Var. puncUtus, Rehder (C. 

 puncfdfiis, Thunb.). A less vigorous grower, with 

 smaller, elliptic lvs. C orhlculatus is of more vigorous 

 growth than the former species, and fruits very pro- 

 fusely, but the fruits are hidden by the foliage, and are 

 not very conspicuous until the lvs. have fallen, while C. 

 scandeiis bears its fruits above the lvs. 



CELERIAC 



267 



393. Fruits of 



Celastrus scandens, 



(XH.) 



paniculatus, Willd. (C. depindens, Wall.). Branches 

 with white lenticels, pendulous: lvs. ovate-oblong or 

 obovate : fls. in terminal pendulous panicles. Himalayas. 

 Not hardy N. 



C. nutans, Hort. Reasoner, not Roxbg.=Quisqualis Indica. — 

 C. Orixa, Sieb. it Zucc.=Orixa Japonica. 



Alfred Rehder. 



CELERIAC (Apium graveoleiis, Linn., var. rapd.- 

 ceum, DC). Umbelliterm. Pig. 394. An offshoot of the 

 celery species, producing an edible root instead of 

 edible leaves. Just how long Celeriao, or Turnip-rooted 

 Celery, has been in cultivation is unknown. Its history 

 as a garden vegetable can be traced definitely as far 



back as the middle of the seventeenth century, although 

 writers for a century or more previous to this time made 

 references which would seem to relate to this vegetable, 

 but the identity is obscure. Its origin was probably the 

 same as that of the common garden celery, of which it 



'vxk 



~£^- 



394. Celeriao (X J-s). 



is doubtless a state wherein the root has become en- 

 larged and edible. This form is supposed to be the one 

 most remotely removed from the wild state. 



Celeriac is very little grown in this country, and to 

 Americans is almost unknown, but it is much prized in 

 Europe. It is cultivated chiefly where there is a Ger- 

 man population. Pifteen or 20 varieties are mentioned 

 in the seed catalogues, but there is very little difference 

 in the various sorts, some seedsmen even making no 

 distinction between varieties, but catalogue the plant 

 simply as Celeriac. 



In general, the culture is the same as for celery, ex- 

 cept that no blanching is required, since it is the enlarged 

 root which constitutes the edible portion. Sow the seed 

 during the spring in a wtll-prepared seed-bed, prefera- 

 bly in a more or less shaded location. A coldframe or a 

 spent hotbed is a good place. The seed is slow to ger- 

 minate, and must be kept well watered. When the 

 plants are 2 or 3 inches tall, they ought to be trans- 

 planted ; about 3 inches apart each way is a good dis- 

 tance to place them at this handling. Later, again 

 transplant them to the open ground, in rows about 2 

 feet apart and 6 or 8 inches distant in the row. The 

 soil should be a rich, light loam well supplied with 

 moisture. 



The seed may be sown where the plants are to remain, 

 and thinned to the required distance, but stronger, 

 more stocky plants are obtained by transplanting as 

 above directed. 



Plants thus treated will be ready for fall and winter 

 use. If they are desired for earlier use, the seeds may 

 be sown in a mild hotbed and transplanted to the open 

 as soon as the ground is in good condition in the spring. 

 Aside from frequent tillage, Celeriac requires but little 

 attention during growth. It is a frequent practice 

 among growers to remove a little of the earth from 

 about the plants aftertheroot has become well enlarged, 

 and to cut off the lateral roots. This tends to make the 

 main root grow larger, smoother and more symmetrical 

 in shape. 



For winter use, ^Jie plants may be protected with 

 earth and straw sufficient to keep out frost, or packed 

 in moist sand and placed in a cool cellar. 



The principal use of Celeriac is for the flavoring of 

 soups and stews, but it is also served in several other 



