316 



CIBOTIUM 



CINCHONA 



GIBdTIVU (Greek, a little seed-vessel). GyatheAcece. 

 A small genus of tree-ferns from Mexico and Polynesia, 

 with copious, bivalved, coriaceous indusia, differing frojn 

 Dicksonia in having the outer valve entirely distinct 

 from the leaf. For culture, see Dicksonia. 



C. Barometz is the plant that gave rise to the wonder- 

 ful stories of the Barometz or Scythian Lamb (Fig. 470), 

 which, according to Bauhin, 1650, had wool, flesh and 



470. The Scythian Lamb. See Gibotium Barometz. 



blood, and a root attached to the navel. The plant was 

 said to resemble a lamb in every respect, but grew on a 

 stalk about a yard high, and turning about and bending 

 to the herbage, consumed the foliage within reach, and 

 then pined away with the failure of the food until it 

 died. Wolves sought it and ate it as if it were a true 

 lamb. In 1725 Breyne, of Dantzlg, declared that the 

 Barometz was only the root of a large fern, covered with 

 its natural yellow down and accompanied by stems, 

 which had been placed in museums in an inverted posi- 

 tion, the better to represent the appearance of the legs 

 and horns of a quadruped. A.G. 12: 258. 



A. Outer valve of the indusium larger, or the valves 



glaticum, Hook. & Am. Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, tripin- 

 nate ; pinnules about 6 in. long, taper-pointed ; segments 

 close : outer valve of indusium larger, broader than the 

 inner: veins once- or twice-forked. Hawaiian Islands. 



BArometz, J. Sm. Scythijln Lamb. Trunkless : lvs. 

 scented, tripinnate, the lower pinnae ovate-lanceolate ; 

 pinnules short-stalked, 4-6 in. long, with falcate seg- 

 ments : valves of the indusium nearly equal : veins 

 prominent, rarely forked. China. 



AA. Outer valve of the indusium smaller than 

 the inner. 



ScM^dei, Hook. Caudex 10-15 ft. high : lvs. oblong- 

 deltoid, tripinnate, with pinnse 1-2 ft. long ; segments 

 falcate, sharp-pointed: sori sparse: veins forked, on the 

 lowest pinnate. Mexico. 



reg41e, Linden. Caudex 10-12 ft. high : lvs. oblong- 

 deltoid, tripinnate, with pinnre 18-24 in. long ; pinnules 

 sessile, with close, falcate, deeply incised segments : 

 veins pinnate in the lobes. Mex. ^ jj^ Underwood. 



CIBOULE. Consult Onion. 



CtGCA. Now combined with Phyllanthus. 



CtCEB (old Latin name for the Vetch). Leguminbsce. 

 Pea-like plants, with 5-parted calyx, oblong turgid 

 2-seeded pod, mostly 1-fld. peduncles, odd-pinnate lvs. 

 and toothed leaflets. Small genus, with a Mediterranean- 

 Asian range. C. arietinum, Linn., the CHiOK-PEA,is some- 

 times cult, in vegetable gardens for the edible ripe seeds. 

 It is an annual and is cult, the same as bush beans. 

 Withstands dry weather well. It grows 2 ft. high, making 

 a bushy, hairy plant. Lvs. with small, roundish leaflets : 

 fls. white or reddish, small, axillary. Seed roundish, but 

 flattened on the sides, with a projection on one side. 

 Little known in Amer., but much cult. inS. Eu. and Asia. 



L. H. B. 



CICHOBIUM (Arabic name). Compdsitte. Avery few 

 Old World herbs, with ligulate corollas, double-rowed 

 scales to the involucre, angled akenes, bristly or chaffy 

 pappus, and blue fls. Two species are of interest to the 

 horticulturist, G. Intybus, Linn. (Fig. 436), the Chicory, 

 and G.I!ndlvia,hinn.,the Endive. See those entries for 

 fuller information. 



CIENKdWSKIA. See Kcempferia. 



CIMICtFUGA, Linn, {cimex, a bug ; turjere, to drive 

 away). Banuneul&cem. Bugbanb. Allied to Actma. 

 Tall, hardy, herbaceous perennials, ornamental, but bad- 

 smelling, suited for the back of borders or for partially 

 shaded places in the wild garden. About 10 species, na- 

 tives of the north temperate zone. Lvs. large, decom- 

 pound: fls. white, in racemes ; sepals 2-5, petaloid, de- 

 ciduous ; petals 1-8, small, clawed, 2-lobed or none : fol- 

 licles 1-8, many-seeded, sessile or stalked ; stigma 

 broad or minute. Half shady or open places ; any good 

 garden soil. Prop, by seeds and division of roots in fall 

 or early spring. 



Americana, Michx. [Acika prodoedrpa, DC.) . Slender, 

 2-4 ft. high: lvs. pale beneath: fls. in elongated raceme; 

 petals 2-horned; pedicels nearly as long as the fl. : fol- 

 licles 3 or 5, stalked : seeds in 1 row, chaffy : stamens 

 and pistils usually in same fl. Aug.-Sept. Moist woods 

 of Alleghanies. 



foetida, Linn. Lvs. bipinnate, terminal 1ft. 3-lobed : 

 petals of the white fls. often tipped with anthers ; no 

 staminodia : follicles 3-5 ; seeds very chaffy. Summer. 

 Siberia. —Following var. only is cult. 



Var. simplex, Eeg. (G. simplex, Wormsk. ). Tall and 

 handsome : fls. short-pedicelled, forming a fine, dense 

 raceme, and at first pubescent : follicles short-stalked. 

 Kamtschatka. 



raoemdsa, Nutt. (C. serpentina, Pursh). Fig. 471. 

 Stem 3-8 ft. high : lvs. 2-3 times 3-4-parted ; Ifts. 

 mostly ovate, firm texture : racemes few, rigidly erect, 

 often becoming 2 ft. long- follicles rather shorter than 

 the pedicel, nearly ^ in. long, short style abruptly re- 

 curved. Very pretty in fr.,with its two rows of oval fol- 

 licles always extending upward from the lateral 

 branches. July-Aug. Georgia to Canada and westward. 

 Int. 1891. Gt. 13: 443. Gn. 46, p. 269. G.C. II. 10: 557. 

 D. 79. — The commonest in gardens. 



Var. diss^cta, Gray (C. spichta, Hort. ). Lvs. more 

 compound than the type: small white fls. closely packed 

 on lateral and terminal branches. Lasting until Sept. 

 Del. and S. Penn. J. H. HI. 33:381. 



C. cordifblia. Pursh. Lvs, very broadly ovate or orbicular. 

 B,M. 2069.- 0, elata, Nutt. (C. fcBtida, Pursh, Actaia Cimleif- 

 uga, Linn.). Used iu medicine, Reg, Veg. Med. 1:37,— O, Ja- 

 ^onica, Spreng, Three ft. high: lvs. very large, F,S. 22:2363 (as 

 Pithyrosperma 'acerinum) , — O. palmata, Michx. = Trautvet- 

 teria Carolinensis, Vail. ]j_ q^ Davis. 



CINCHONA (from Countess Chinchon). SubiAcece. 

 This genus of plants contains, according to Index 

 Kewensis, 67 species, some of which yield bark con- 

 taining quinine. The species grow isolated in various 

 districts of the Andes, at elevations ranging from 2,300 

 to 9,000 ft., and between 22° S. and 10° N. latitude. 

 Some of the species are lofty trees, others are mere 

 shrubs. The lvs. are opposite, with deciduous stip- 

 ules. The fls. are fragi-ant, much frequented by hum- 

 ming birds, white and pink in color, growing in ter- 

 minal panicles. The calyx is small, 5-toothed, and 

 persistent. The corolla has a long tube with 5 short, 

 spreading, valvate lobes, hairy at the margins. The sta- 

 mens are 5, included in the corolla. The ovary is 2- 

 celled, with very numerous ovules inserted on linear 

 axile placentae. The capsule opens septicidally from 

 the base upwards. The seeds are small, numerous, 

 fiat and surrounded with a wing. 



Commercial Cinchona bark is known under the fol- 

 lowing names : " Crown," " Loxa," or " Pale bark," yielded 

 by Oinchona officinalis and its varieties Oondaminea, 

 Uritusinga, crispa; "Red bark," from G. succirubra f 

 "Hybrid bark," from hybrids of G. officinalis and C 

 succinibra; "Royal," or "Yellow bark," from G. Calisaya 



