OLIVIA 



this, with larger and deeper colored flowers. Established 

 plants may be grown in the same pots for several years, 

 if the plants are fed during the growing period with 

 weak liquid manure. In potting, the soil given should 

 be of a lasting nature, not easily 

 soured, nor apt to become sodden. In 

 arranging the drainage, place one 

 large piece, concave side down, over 

 the hole, and around this arrange 

 several smaller pieces. Over these 

 place one or two handfuls of pieces 

 small enough to go through a No. 2 

 sieve. The best time to pot is after 

 the flowers have been produced. 

 The plants should then be kept for 

 some time in a humid atmosphere 

 to encourage growth, receiving an 

 abundance of water after they are 

 well started. After growth has been 

 completed, they will winter safely 

 in an ordinary greenhouse tempera- 

 ture (not under 40°), if kept rather 

 dry at the root. For propagation, 

 select old plants which have become 

 crowded in their pots, so that the 

 entire plant can be pulled to pieces. 

 After trimming the roots, put the 

 growths in small pots and keep in 

 heat, to encourage root action. Oliv- 

 ias are well suited for planting per- 

 manently in the front part of green- 

 house borders. The soil for this pur- 

 pose should be rich and well finned 

 about the roots. Withhold water as 

 much as possible during the resting 

 period, or the plants will produce 

 leaves at the expense of the flowers. 



A. Fls. erect; perianth' broadly 



funnel-sliaped, 

 ininid.ta, Regel {ImantopJiyllum 

 . . Fig. 496. Lvs. 16-20, in a" tuft, 

 sword-shaped, tapering to a point, IKft. long, 13^2-2 in. 

 broad : fls. 12-20, in an umbel ; perianth erect, bright 

 scarlet, with a yellow throat ; tube broadly funnel- 

 shaped, longer than C. nohilis ; segments about 2 in. 

 long, the inner ones broader than the outer ; stamens 

 shorter than the segments ; style not exserted : berries 

 ovoid, bright red, 1 in. long. Natal. B.M. 4783. R.H. 

 1859, pp. 126, 127. F.S. 9:949; 23:2373. I. H. 26:343; 

 36:80; 37:102; 40:177. R.H. 1869: 250, and 1894, p. 572.— 

 I. cyrtanthimrum, Van Houtte (F.S. 18:1877), is a 

 hybrid between this species and the next. 



AA. Fls . pendulous ; periantJi narrowly funnel-shaped. 

 n6bilis, Lindl. {Imantoph^llum Aitoni, Hook.). Lvs. 

 about 12, strap-shaped, very obtuse, with a roughish 

 edge: fls. 40-60, in an umbel ; perianth curved and droop- 

 ing ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped, shorter than in C. 

 miniata; segments tipped with green, about 1 In. long; 

 stamens as long as the segments; style exserted. Oape 

 Colony. B.M. 2856. L.B.O. 20:1906. Int. to cult. 1828. 

 I. cyrtanthiflbrum, Ya.Ti Houtte (F.S. 18:1877), said to 

 be a hybrid between this and the above, shows little if 

 any influence of C. miniata. It has the narrow-tubed, 

 pendulous fls. and the greenish tinge of G. nobilis. 



CLOVES 



337 



497. 

 Trifolium pratense. 



Root-system. 



mini&tum, Hook.) 



R.H. 1894, p. 573. 



G. W. Oliver and W. M. 



CLOUDBEEEY. SeeBubus. 



CLOVE PINK. 



phyllus. 



The Carnation, Dianthus Caryo- 



CLOVEB. ' Species of Trifblium (Leguminosse), par- 

 ticularly those which are useful in agriculture. The 

 word is also applied to species of related genera, as 

 Medicago. The Sweet Clover is Melilotus. Bush and 

 Japan Clover are Lespedezas. Prairie Clover is a 

 Petalostemon. 



Of Trifolium there have been described about 300 

 species. These are widely dispersed in temperate cli- 

 mates. The fls. are papilionaceous but small, and are 

 disposed in dense heads or spikes. Lvs. are digitately 



22 



or palmately 3-foliolate. The common Red Clover is T. 

 pratense, Linn., now thoroughly naturalized in N. 

 America, but supposed not to be native here. It is Eu- 

 ropean. It is valuable both for stock feed (as pastur- 

 age and hay), and also as a green manure. As a manure 

 crop, it is particularly valuable because of its deep root- 

 system and its power (in common with other leguminous 

 plants) of fixing the nitrogen of the air by means 

 of its subterranean parts. Fig. 497 illustrates the root- 

 system. Fig. 498 shows the root of a 15-months' old 

 plant which grew in hard clay soil. It is 22 inches long, 

 and some of the root was left in the ground. The Mam- 

 moth Red Clover (T. medium, Linn.), is probably an off- 

 shoot of T. pratense. It is usually a larger plant, with 

 zigzag stem, entire and spotted Ifts. and longer-stalked 

 head. White Clover, or Shamrock, is T. ripens, Linn., 

 intr. from Europe, and supposed to be native to N. 

 America as well. Alsike Glover, 2'. hjbridum, Linn., is 

 of European nativity. The Crimson or Scarlet Clover 

 (Pig. 499), an annual from S. En., is now much grown 

 as a catch- or cover-crop in or- 

 chards. See Cover-crops. It is 

 also highly ornamental, and is 

 worthy the attention of the florist. 

 L. H. B. 



498. The penetrating; root 

 of the Red Clover. 



499. Crimson Clover — 

 Trifolium incamatum (X 3^), 



CLOVES are the dried flower-buds (Fig. 500) of a hand- 

 some tree of the myrtle family, Eugenia caryophyllata, 

 better known as Caryopliyllus aromaticus, a native of 

 the Spice Islands, but now cultivated in the West Indies 

 and elsewhere. Caryophyllus, the ancient name of the 

 Clove, means nut-leaf. The carnation, or "clove pink," 

 was named Dianthus Caryophyllus because of its clove- 



