340 



COCCOLOBA 



COCHLEARIA 



worthy of a place among ornamental plants under glass. 

 As it will withstand but slight frost, its cultivation out- 

 doors in the United States is limited to warmer parts of 

 Florida and California, but it may be bedded outdoors 

 during the summer, in temperate latitudes, forming a 



505. Coccoloba uvifera (X /^). 



fine addition to the list of plants more commonly em- 

 ployed. All species are easily propagated by seeds, 

 which germinate freely when not too old. Some species 

 may be quickly increased by cuttings of ripe wood, 

 which root readily in sand under usual conditions, in a 

 frame or propagating house. Layering may also be em- 

 ployed to increase a stock. The various species grow 

 naturally in both clayey and sandy soils, revelling in 

 moist, rich earth and a high temperature. C uvifera 

 frequents the seashore, and is found growing in sand 

 and broken shells, apparently lacking altogether in 

 plant-food. Rich, sandy soil of a light character seems 

 to be the best for all species so far known. Plants are 

 readily transplanted from open ground, but pot-grown 

 plants are to be preferred, cult. by E. N. Reasoner. 

 uvifera, Linn. Sea-qrapb. Shoeb-qrape. Fig. 50i5. 

 Tree, reaching 20 ft. or more, with many flexuous 

 branches : Ivs. large, often 5 in. long by 7 in. wide, 

 broadly heart-shaped, wavy margined, glossy, leathery, 

 midrib red at the base ; petioles short, with sheathing 



stipules at the base : racemes 6 in. long, erect, in fl. 

 nodding in fr. : fls. IK in. across, white, fragrant ; pet- 

 als 5 ; stamens 8 ; styles 3 : berries 9 or more in a ra- 

 ceme, small, about Kin. long, pear-shaped, reddish pur- 

 ple, dotted green, sweetish acid: nut roundish, with a 

 short, sharp point on top, and vertical wrinkles. 

 Sandy seashores of Trop. Amer., especially S. 

 Fla. and West Indies. B.M. 3130.-The wood 

 is used in cabinet work, and, when boiled, 

 gives a red color.. 



rioridina, Meissn. Pigeon Pltjm. 

 Tree, 25-30 ft.: Ivs. lX-3 in. long, 

 1-2 in. wide, ovate or elliptical, nar- 

 rowed at both ends, obtuse, margin 

 slightly recurved : berries small, Kin. 

 long, pear-shaped, edible, but not 

 marketable. S. Fla.— This has lately 

 been considered a synonym of C, 

 laurifoUa, but the two species are 

 well distinguished in DC. Prod. 

 14 : 165. W. M. 



COCCULirS (diminutive of kokkos, 

 berry; the fr. being berry -like). 

 {CebatJia.) Menispermiiceai. Twin- 

 ing or erect shrubs: Ivs. alternate, 

 petioled, entire or lobed, with entire 

 margin, deciduous or persistent, 

 palminerved: fls. inconspicuous, dioe- 

 cious, in axillary panicles or racemes, 

 sometimes terminal ; sepals, petals 

 and stamens 6 : carpels 3-6, distinct, developing into 

 berry-like, 1-seeded drupes ; seed reniform. About 

 25 species in America, Asia, Africa and Australia, 

 chiefly in trop. and subtrop. regions. Only a few spe- 

 cies are cultivated, thriving in almost any somewhat 

 moist soil ; the evergreen kinds are sometimes grown 

 in pots, in a sandy compost of peat and loam. Prop. 

 by seeds or by cuttings of half -ripened wood in. summer, 

 under glass, with bottom heat. 



"Coeculus Indicus"is the trade name of the berries 

 used by the Chinese in catching flsh. The berries con- 

 tain an acrid poison, which intoxicates or stuns the fish 

 untU they can be caught. The berries are imported 

 from the East Indies to adulterate porter, and " Coeculus 

 Indious " is a trade name with druggists, not a botanical 

 one, just as "Cassia lignea"is a trade name of a kind of 

 Cinnamon bark, derived, not from a Cassia, but from a 

 species of Cianamomum. The name '" Coeculus Indious " 

 was given by Bauhuij but binomial nomenclature began 

 later, with Linnaeus, in 1753. The plant which produces 

 the berries is Anamirta Coeculus. 



CaroUnus, DC. A rapid-growing, twining shrub, at- 

 taining 12 ft., with pubescent branches: Ivs. long-peti- 

 oled, usually ovate, sometimes cordate; obtuse, entire or 

 3-, rarely 5-lobed, pubescent, glabrous above at length, 

 lK-3 in. long : fr. red, 3^in. in diam. Along streams, 

 from Va. and 111. to Fla. and Tex.— Decorative in fall, 

 with its bright red fr. Not hardy N. of New York. 



0. Japdnicus, DC.=Stephania hernandifoUa.— <7. laurifblius, 

 DC. Erect shrub, to 15 ft., glabrous: Ivs. evergreen, oblong, 

 acute at both ends. Himal. Decorative, with its bright green, 

 sMuing foliage. Only hardy in subtropical regions.— C Thim- 

 bergi, DO. Similar to 0. Oarolinus, but fr. bluish black. Har- 

 dier. Japan. Alfred Rehder. 



COCELEABIA (Latin, cochlear, a spoon; referring to 

 the Ivs.). CrucifercB. This genus, which includes the 

 Horse Radish and Scurvy Grass, is composed of glabrous 

 herbs, mostly perennial, of various habit, with Ivs. alter- 

 nate or in rosettes : fls. mostly white, racemose, bractless : 

 pods various, but never winged. The word cochlear is 

 a technical term used in describing alstivation, and refers 

 to one piece which is larger than the others, hollow like 

 a bowl or helmet, and including the rest, as in Aconitum. 



Armoricia, Linn. (RasMrtium ArmorAcia, Fries). 

 Horse Radish. Hardy perennial, 2 ft. high : roots large 

 and fleshy, furnishing the familiar condiment: root-lvs. 

 very large, more or less cordate or oblong ; stem-lvs. 

 lanceolate, uppermost linear, entire : fls. white. May. 

 Naturalized from Eu. and escaped.— It flowers fre- 

 quently, and very rarely perfects any seeds. For cul- 

 ture, see Horse Madish. 



