CORYLUS 



COSMIDIUM 



383 



The nuts should not be gathered until ripe, a condition 

 indicated by the browning of the edges of the husk. If 

 left until fully ripe, many of the nuts will rattle out and 

 be lost. The highest prices are obtained for freshly 

 gathered nuts in the husks. To prevent husks from 

 molding, they should be well dried or slightly sulphured. 

 Hazelnuts may he held for considerable periods in tight 

 Teceptacles, as casks or jars, by sprinkling salt over them 

 and storing them in a cool, dry place, or in a refriger- 

 «.ted compartment. 



Few insects trouble the European Hazelnuts in 

 America, the nut weevil of Europe, Balaninua nucum, 

 not having yet been naturalized. B. nasiciis sometimes 

 •does considerable injury to the native species. 



Nuts and Filberts are terms loosely used abroad, espe- 

 ■cially in England, to designate certain rather indefinite 

 forms of C. Avellana and C. maxima. In general, such 

 varieties as have husks shorter than their fruits are 

 termed Nuts, while such as have husks as long as or 

 longer than their fruits are designated Filberts. 



But few varieties are known in America, most of the 

 Hazels grown being seedlings from imported nuts. Va- 

 rieties of G. Avellana and O. maxima are not, clearly 

 •distinguishable, but in general those with husks longer 

 iihan the nuts are assigned to G, 'maxima, and those with 

 ■short husks to O. Avellana. 



Alba (White Filbert) . Regarded in England as one of the best 

 varieties . Can be kept in husk longer than most others because 

 of constricted form of husk. Kernel covered with a white skin. 

 Known as Avelinier Blanche, Wrotham Park, etc. Succeeds in 

 ■California. 



Oosford (Miss Young's, Thin-shelled). Nut oblong, thiu- 

 shelled, of excellent quality ; in a hirsute, laciniated husk, about 

 the same length as nut. 



Crispa (Cape Nut, Frizzled Filbert). Nut thin-shelled, some- 

 what flattened, late; in husks curiously frizzled throughout and 

 wide open at the mouth. Very productive. 



Downton Large Square. Nut very large, semi-square, thick- 

 shelled and well filled, of the highest quality ; husk smooth, 

 shorter than nut. 



Du Chilly. A fine, large, compressed- cylindrical variety, with 

 moderately thick shell, and of fine quality. Introduced from 

 France by Felix Gillet, of Calif omia. The largest Filbert grown 

 in America so far as known, 



Qrandis (Round Cobnut). Nut large, short, slightly com- 

 pressed, of good quality when fresh, with a thick and hard shell; 

 in a short husk, much frizzled and hairy. One of the best varie- 

 ties ; considered the true Barcelona nut of commerce. Also 

 known as Downton, Dwarf Prolific, (3-reat Cob, Pearson's Pro- 

 lific and Round Cob. 



Jones. A short, roundish nut, of medium size.and good quality, 

 somewhat grown for several years in central Delaware. Bush 

 bardy and vigorous, producing suckers freely, and thus far free 

 from disease. 



Lambert (Lambert's Filbert, Lambert's Nut, Filbert Cob; 

 Kentish Cob, erroneously). Nut large, oblong, somewhat com- 

 pressed; shell rather thick ! kernel plump'and of rich fiavor; an 

 ■excellent keeper. Husk quite smooth, longer than nut and but 

 slightly cut in margin. Tree productive. Considered the best 

 variety grown in England, where it has been known since 1812. 



Purple-leaved. Nut large and of excellent quality; in a husk 

 longer than the fruit. Planted for ornament, and productive of 

 fiood nuts under proper treatment. The leaves and husks are 

 of a deep purple" color, which is retained until frost. The stami- 

 nate catkins are tender and often injured by frosts in winter, 

 but when supplied with pollen from some more hardy variety 

 it yields large crops. 



Red Aveline ( Avelineer Rouge, Red Hazel) . Nut large, ovate, 

 thin-shelled, with a smooth, red-skinned kernel, and of sweet 

 nutty flavor. This variety is prized in eastern California as a 

 productive sort of good quality. 



Spanish. Nut very large, oblong, thick- shelled, with a smooth 

 husk longer than the fruit. Sometimes confounded with Gran- 

 <iis. -VV". A. Taylor. 



CORYNOSTYLIS (G-reek, describing the club-shaped 

 style). VioldcecB. Woody climbers, with alternate Ivs. 

 and racemes of long-stalked violet-like fls. C. HybAnthus, 

 Mart. & Zucc. [Galyptrion AuhlUii, Ging. Goryndstylis 

 AtiblUiij'Koxt.)^ is native of trop. America. The Ivs. 

 are large, ovate, serrate : fls. white, in short axillary 

 fascicles, which are contiguous along the stem, long- 

 spurred, 2 or 3 times as large as a violet. P.S. 21: 2213. 

 —A handsome, vigorous warmhonse climber, and cult, in 

 the open in S. California. Prop, by cuttings and seeds. 



COR'^PHA (Greek for summit or (oj?,— where the Ivs. 

 grow). PalmdcecB, tribe Cor^phece, Tall, spineless, 

 monocarpic palms : trunk stout, ringed : Ivs. terminal, 

 large, orbicular, flabellately divided to the middle into 

 numerous linear-lanceolate segments ; segments indupli- 

 cate in the bud; rachis none; ligule small: petiole long, 

 stout, concave above, spiny on the margins : sheaths 

 split; spadix solitary, erect, paniculately much branched; 

 spathes many, tubular, sheathing the peduncle and 

 branches: fls. green: frs. as large as a cherry, with a 

 fleshy pericarp. Species 6; tropical Asia and Malay Archi- 

 pelago. These fan-palms are cultivated the same as Cham- 

 serops and Livistona. They are warmhouse plants, prop, 

 by seeds. Large fans, umbrellas and tents are made of 

 the Talipot palm by the natives of Ceylon. 



Coryphas are but little grown commercially, the growth 

 of young plants being slow. Good loam well enriched 

 with stable manure, a night temperature of 65° and 

 abundant moisture, are the chief requisites in their cul- 

 ture, with a moderately shaded house during the 

 summer. 



el^ta, Roxb. (G. Gebdnga, Blume). Trunk straight, 

 60-70 ft. high, 2 ft. in diam., spirally ridged: Ivs. lunate, 

 8-10 ft. in diam. : segments 80-100, separated nearly to the 

 middle, ensiform, obtuse or bifid : petioles 6-12 ft., 

 with black margins and curved spines. Bengal and 

 Burma. 



Timbraculifera, Linn. Talipot Palm. Fig. 563. Trunk 

 annulate, 60-80 ft. : Ivs. sub-lunate, 6 ft. long by 13 ft. 

 wide, palmately pinnatifid, conduplicate above the mid- 

 dle : segments obtusely bifid : petiole 7 ft., the spines 



563. Corypha umbraculifera. 



along its margins often in pairs. Malabar coast and 

 Ceylon. A.F. 12:313. Gng.5:213. The picture (Fig. 563) 

 is adapted from Martins' Natural History of Palms. 



G. austrdlis,^.BT. See Livistona, —C.macropft^;;a,Hort.=? — 

 O. Tfiinor, Jacq. SeeSabal.— O. Wbgani, Hort., is a dwarf round- 

 Ivd. plant. A.G.15:307. 



Jared G. Smith, and W. H. Taplin. 



COSMANTHTJS. All included in Phacelia. 

 COSMtDIUM is TJielesperma. 



