ORGANIZATION AND GrowTH 237 
to 16° C. Now, I have found that a rise of temperature of 
from 10 to 16° not only does not diminish growth, but in- 
creases it, in spite of the fact that the Tubulariw need more 
oxygen when the temperature is raised. It can therefore 
not be assumed that a decrease in the amount of oxygen 
contained in the sea-water brought about by the addition of 
sodium chloride in varying amounts up to 1.6 g. to each 
100 c.c. of water determines the decrease in linear growth. 
Professor Zuntz, to whom I appealed in the absence of more 
extensive experiments on the effect of concentration upon 
gas absorption, does not believe that so slight a difference in 
the amount of dissolved oxygen as was observed in the solu- 
tions employed in these experiments need be considered in 
my results, since animals get along well in summer, when the 
temperature is high and the demand for oxygen is corre- 
spondingly increased. 
X. SOME REMARKS ON THE EXPERIMENTS OF SOHMANKEWITSCH 
1. The proof which has been given in the preceding 
chapter that, with changes in the amount of water absorbed, 
the growth of animals is changed in the same way as the 
growths of plants, enables us, I believe, to give a physical 
explanation of some of the wonderful experimental results 
obtained by Schmankewitsch in the artificial conversion of 
the genera Artemia milhausenii, salina, and Branchipus.' 
In 1871, during a flood, 
the dam which separates the less salty water of the upper part of 
the Kujalnik Liman from the lower part, which is filled with salt 
precipitated from its own waters, broke through, diluting the 
water of the lower part to 8° Beaumé, and causing a large number 
of Artemia salina to appear in it, which had evidently been brought 
down from the upper part of the Kujalnik and the salt-water pools 
in its vicinity. In the course of the following year the concentra- 
1W. J. SCHMANKEWITSCH, Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Vol. XXV, 
Supplement (1875); ibid., Vol. XXIX (1887). 
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