capillata var. Joannis, Triticiim repens, Poa atteniiala, Agrostis canina, Carex pediformis, 

 Carex stenophylla, Cobresia spec, Avena deserlorum, Avena pratensis, Diplachne squarrosa; 

 more interspersed there also occur here the pretty, brimstone coloured Erysimum 

 altaicum and Silene Jenisea, Cymbaria daviirica, Bupleunim multinerve, Onosma echioides 

 var. Gmelini, Ceiasiiiim arvense, Scorzonera radiata. Convolvulus Ammani, especially on 

 the «Kurgans» (generally accompanying the preceding one), Helichrysum arenarium, 

 Galium verum, Echinospermum Lappula var. anisacanthum, Lithospermum officinale, 

 and Linum peienne. Moreover, on more stony ground, and on the Devonian cliffs 

 of sandstone there occur: 



Stellaria peiraea, Potenlilla sericea var. genuina. Campanula sibirica, Patrinia 

 sibirica, Caragana pygmaea, Veronica Teucrium, Thymus Serpyllum var. angustifolius, 

 Alyssum lenense, Dracocephalum discolor, Serratula nitida var. glauca, Potenlilla bifurca, 

 Polygala sibirica, Phlomis tuberosa. Allium clalhratum, Allium tenuissimum, Thesium 

 refractum, Crepis tenuifolia, Lilium Martagon, Spiraea triloba. Astragalus stenoceras, 

 Astragalus mullicaulis, Thaliclrum foetidum, Linaria odora var. major /'. angustifolia, 

 Artemisia commutata, and Sibbaldia adpressa. 



Hardly any vegetation whatever was to be fomid in the especially dry and hot places 

 on the declivities of the rocks. Here the ground is either quite bare or covered only by 

 a thin layer of earth, deficient in organic mould and chiefly formed by disintegration of 

 the rock itself Only a very scattered flora was observed in the chinks of the rocks, 

 such as Ephedra vulgaris, Atraphaxis frutescens, Arctogerron giamineus, Thymus 

 Serpyllum var. angustifolius, Phelipaea lanuginosa, and Oxytropis stenophylla subspec. 

 caulescens nov. subspec. 



These seemed to be the only plants occuring here in such extremely dry and hoi pla- 

 ces. The soil is loo dry and shallow, Ihe sun loo burning for the thriving of other plants. 



On the mountain sides, in gravel, etc., along dried up river-beds I have noted 

 the following species: 



Galium verum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Atraphaxis frutescens, Aster alpinus, Caragana 

 pygmaea. Thymus Serpyllum, Potenlilla anserina, (a very densely silver-hairy form) 

 Lamium album, Cotoneaster melanocarpa. Campanula glomerata, Alyssum lenense; 

 Thalictrum pelaloideum, Thaliclrum foetidum, Stellaiia petraea, Cynoglossum officinale, 

 Spiraea triloba, Polygala comosum forma. 



About Ust Kamuishto, the steppe itself seemed to be not quite so dry as in the said 

 localities, giving rise to a considerably greater amount of other plants besides some of 

 the above-mentioned grasses, which here are not so predominant either as regards 

 quantity or quality. A mumber of Abakan Tatars have settled here in peculiar eight- 

 sided wooden huts, the so-called Uluses, finding sufficient grazing-grounds for their 

 herds of cattle near by. 



The most important species generally occuring in the steppes here are: 



Koeleria gracilis, Festuca ouina var. sulcata, Phleum Boehmeri subspec. decurtatum 

 nov. subspec, Poa attenuata, Elymus dasystachys var. salsuginosus, Carex pediformis- 



Vegetation on 

 extremely dry 

 and hot rocks. 



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