ally attending the woods of foliferous trees. Besides several species oi Salix may, as Ihe 

 most conspicuous species here, be mentioned: 



Rosa pimpinellifolia, Trifolium pralense, Agrimonki pilosa. Origanum vulgare, 

 Hypericum Mrsulum, Hypeiicum elegaiis, Genliana macrophi/lla, Fragaria vesca, Galium 

 verum, Galium boreale, Glycijrrhiza uralensis, Linaria vulgaiis, Piimula officinalis var. 

 macrocalyx, Delphinium grandiflorum, Campanula sibirica, Campanula glomerala, 

 Polygala comosum foima, Rubus saxatilis, Aster alpinus, Euphrasia lalarica, Poa annua. 

 Tiiselum flavescens subspec. copiosum nov. subspec, Anthoxanlhum odoiatum, 

 Echinospermum Lappula var. anisacanthum, Cardamine impaiiens, Lilhospermum 

 officinale, Sciophularia nodosa, Androsaces villosa var. dasyphylla. Geranium sibiricum, 

 Avena pubescens, Matricaria inodora, Viola mirabilis var. subglabra. Ranunculus 

 auricomus, Rumex Acetosella, Rumex arifolius. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum var. 

 iicutianum, Achillea impatiens, Allium lineare, Polygonatum officinale, Allium odorum, 

 Medicago platycarpa, Medicago lupulina, Festuca elatior, Silene repens, Silene inflata, 

 Leonuius tataiicus. Iris luthenica, Nepeta nuda, and Aconitum barbaium. 



About the village of Karatus, the character of the scenery is changed. As far as this 

 place, the land is open to the view, bearing, in spite of a somewhat higher degree of 

 moisture, the impress of the neighbouring large steppes. There is also an indication of 

 this in the character of the fauna worth mentioning, for all the way between Minusinsk 

 and Karatus may be observed great numbers of small rodents, the so-called 

 «S u s c h 1 i s k» (Spermophilus eversmannii), typical animals of the steppe, and their 

 innumerable holes in the ground. 



About Karatus these small animals also disappear. Here the way leads into the 

 valley of the river Amyl, with very rugged surroundings, where the solid rock begins to 

 appear. The lofty hills and steep mountain sides are clothed with an exceedingly rich 

 tree vegetation, chiefly consisting of birch, alder, and other foliage trees, but also 

 gradually of spruce and pine, being the first indications of the proximity of the primeval 

 forest. Here the first eruptive rocks are also to be seen bursting forth, and red Devonian 

 sandstone-cliffs occur, alternating with higher eruptive masses, not unfrequently with 

 larger and smaller flakes of Devonian sandstone shooting forth on the sides. 



The flora here is — as might also be expected — much varying and luxuriant. 

 Ihe vegetation of the steppe and that of the foliferous trees meet in this zone the moist 

 and shade-seeking vegetation of the coniferous forest. The varying geological subsoil, 

 the great heat, and considerable moisture are factors which combine to an exception- 

 ally luxuriant flora with a great variety of species. 



Besides most of the plants already mentioned, there are frequently to be met with 

 ill thickets and on hillsides: 



Melandryum album, Epilobium angustifolium, Geum Aleppicum, Vicia silvatica, 

 Vicia sepium, Vicia cracca, Aconitum baibatum, Ranunculus acris. Ranunculus 

 polyanthemos, Erigeron acer. f politus, Polentilla norvegica f. genuina. Inula 

 salicina, Veronica Chamaedrys, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum var. ircutianum, 



