Jiincus filiformis, Erodium cicaiarium, Anchusa myosoddiflora var. grandiflora, Poienlilla 

 fragaiioides, Viola pumila, Caidamine pratensis var. parvifoUa. 



Near habitations, in court-yards, on roads, etc., are to be found: 

 Stellaria media, Scrophularia nodosa, Polentilla ansetina, Barbarea stricla, Poa 

 annua, Planlago major, Hyoscyamiis niger, Polygonum aviculare, Juncus bufonius, 

 Capsella bursa pastoris, Thlaspi arvense, Sonchus oleraceus, Sonchus arvensis, and 

 Chenopodium album. 



In loamy places here, in thickets on a brook, and in brushwood of Alnus frudcosa, 

 I have collected Impadens noli tangere, Tussilago Farfara, Equisetum arvense, Veronica 

 serpy Hi folia. Inula salicina, Cardamine impadens var. communis, and in more swampy 

 places Menyanthes trifoliata, Agrosiis alba, Caltha palustris, Eriophorum gracile, and 

 Eriophorum vaginatum are rather frequent. 



The Sayansk Mountains and the Urjankal Country. 



Natural Conditions. 



At a rather short distance from Kushabar, the last of all inhabited places in this pari 

 of Siberia, the traveller finds himself in the genuine virgin forest, and after a couple of 

 hours there are no more traces whatever of human agency to be found. This forest is 

 formed by the outskirts of the immense «taiga» region, covering the northern slopes of 

 the Sayansk mountains down to Siberia. 



Fig. 19. Primeval forest near Kiisliabar. In tlie foreground 

 trunlis of cedar, and besides spruce and poplar with 

 an undergrowth mostly of various species of ferns. 



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