monianum, Epilobmm anguslifolium, Pyrola rotundifolia vur. incanmia, Rubus idaeiis, 

 Scrophularia nodosa, Campanula glomerata, Galium boreale, Pleridium aquilinum, 

 Platanthera bifolia, Hieracium spec, Fragaria vesca, Sagina procumbens, Majanlhemum 

 bifolium, Euphrasia hirlella, Stellaria Bungeana var. laiifolia, Saxifraga crassifolia, 

 Vaccinium vids idaea, and Vaccinium Myrtillus. 



In thickets of Salix, on declivities facing the river, there is to be found here a 

 dense vegetation nearly of a man's height, chiefly consisting of Calamagroslis epigeios 

 as the dominant plant. 



Fi}{. 31. Hill-side near Kalna, with thicket of Salix and Belala 

 pubescens, with a very dense and luxuriant undergrowth, chiefly con- 

 sisting of Calamagroslis epigeios, reaching neatly the height of a man. 



In its upper course, the Amyl has the character of a mountain river. The bound- 

 ary between Siberia and the Urjankai country here roughly follows the watershed, 

 which the traveller passes by this route through the Algiac Pass, the height of which is 

 only 1413 m. above sea-level, and is accordingly situated below the limit of tree vege- 

 tation, for which reason the plants may also be spread by this way. In the main, 

 the flora on the south side of the mountain agrees with the one on the north side; at any 

 rate in the moist subalpine wooded regions, the flora seemed to have the same character. 



Nor are the Sayansk mountains an isolated ridge, but may really be said to form a 

 ramified mountain range, the spurs of which reach nearly to the same height as the 

 watershed itself, both on the north and the south side of it. The greater part of the 

 Urjankai country is traversed by these mountain masses. 



From the Algiac Pass, the land slopes gradually southwards, forming, as it were, 

 the first terrace from the Siberian lowland up towards the Mongolian tableland. 



55 



