The shady space in thickets is occupied l)y a vegetation consisting mostly of: 



Vicia amoena, Vicia sepiiim, Vicia cracca, Vicia unijuga, Trifolium Lupinaster, Cacalia 

 hastala, Lijsimachia vulgaris, Tanacetiim vulgare, Polygonatum officinale, Primula patens, 

 Scutellaria scordiifolia, Veronica pseudolongifolia nov. spec, Ulmaria pentapetala, 

 Potentilla sibirica var. genuina, Rubus saxatilis, Rubus idaeus, Pedicularis resupinata, 

 Solanam Dulcamara var. persicum, Inula salicina, Artemisia vulgaris, Pleurospermum 

 ausiriacum, and Calamagrostis epigeios. 



Among sand on the river-banlcs Melilotus albus, Pulsatilla vulgaris, Thesium 

 re/ractum, Rumex Acelosella, Vincetoxicum sibiricum, and Iris ruthenica frequently 

 occurred. 



The above plants from these two localities constitute the ordinary vegetation of all 

 the islets examined by me in the rivers Yenisei and Abakan. In some places a few other 

 species may also occur. Thus, in thickets of Populus laurifolia, Populus nigra, Populus 

 tremula, and various species of Salix on an islet near Ust Abakansk, were furthermore to 

 be found Agrimonia pilosa, Geum Aleppicum, Melandryum album, and in moist meadows 

 Cnidium venosum. 



Larger and smaller banks and shoals formed by copple-stones are very common 

 in the river, and where the stream is not too rapid, they are grown with Petasites 

 laevigatas which is a plant very typical of similar localities. 



Fig. 12. Low islets witli thickets of Salix in tlic river Abalian. In the background the diy, barren steppe 



The nearest surroundings of the rivers are also, as mentioned above, covered with 

 various trees and shrubs of the same kind as those to be found in the islets. The ground 



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