Salix piirolaefolia, Rhododendron dcmricnm, Conjdalis pauciflora. Astragalus frigidus. 

 Lalhgrus humilis, Orobiis alpestris, Chrysospleniiim nudicaule, Aegopodium alpestie, 

 Pelasites frigidus, Scorzonera radiata, Pediculaiis uncinata, Luzula multiflora, Laihgrus 

 Gmelini, Saussnren nlpinn, Myosotis silvalica var. alpestris, Euphorbia lutescens, Aconilum 

 ambiguum subspec. alpinum nov. comb., Calamagrostis Langsdorffii f. gracilis, Veronica 

 sajanensis nov. spec, Cgstopleiis inontana, Polemonium coerulenm, Trifolium Lupinaster, 

 Spiraea chamaedrgfolia, and others among the most characteristic. The traveller's 

 eyes, however, are here perhaps above all feasted with the beautiful azure Aquilegia 

 glandulosa, with its flowers to 10 cm. wide, clothing the alpine, partlj' stony meadows 

 with a dense cover, visible at a great distance. 



Fig. 38. Saxifraga crassifolia L., fronj the «Altaian», 

 near the tree limit. 



Of the arbuscular vegetation about the tree limit here may be mentioned Belula 

 pubescens v. ovalifolia, while Betula humilis only rarely seemed to reach up to the tree 

 limit proper. Moreover, there occur here a low, alpine form of Alnus fruticosa, descri- 

 bed by me as subspec. moniana, together with Juniperus communis var. nana, and 

 various species of Salix. 



Moreover, several plants the proper range of which Hes above the tree limit, also 

 descend into this zone, such as Betuln rotundifolia, Sibbaldia procumbens, and many 



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