pumilum. Ledum palustre var. deciimbens, Andromeda polifolia, Sibbaldia procumbens, 

 Swertia obtusa, Schultzia crinita, Saussurea Frolowii, Saussurea pygmaea, Agrosiis 

 clavata, Hierocloe alpina subspec. microstachya nov. siibspec, Trisetum subspicatum, 

 Phleum alpinum, Festuca allaica, Aera caespitosa, Calamagrostis Langsdorffii var. gracilis, 

 Carex rigida, Carex fuliginosa, Carex fuliginosa subspec. sajanensis nov. subspec, Carex 

 decipiens nov. spec, Carex tristis, Carex atrata, Carex atrata var. aterrima, Poa palustris 

 subspec. esuriens nov. subspec, Carex canescens, Carex canescens var. subloliacea, 

 Macropodium nivale, Campanula rolundifolia var. liniifolia, Lagotis glauca var. Pallasii, 

 Spiraea chamaedry folia, Spiraea alpina, Euphorbia altaica Euphorbia lutescens, Pedicularis 

 amoena, Pedicularis myriophyllum, Pedicularis versicolor, Pedicularis uncinata, Pedicularis 

 sudetica, Pedicularis euphrasioides, Bupleurum triradiatum, Alsine aictica, Alsine biflora, 

 Silene tenuis, Potentilla anserina, Bupleurum longifolium var. aureum, Potentilla nivea 

 var. elongata, Potentilla gelida, Aconitum ambiguum subspec. alpinum nov. comb.. Primula 

 nivalis var. typica. Primula elaiior var. Pallasii, Trienialis euiopaea, Parnassia palustiis, 

 Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga punctata, Saxifraga Hirculus, Saxifraga bronchialis, 

 Saxifraga androsacea, Matricaria ambigua, Doronicum altaicum, Viola biflora, Scirpus 

 caespilosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Luzula confusa, Luzula f rigida. Allium 

 Victorialis, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Ulmaria pentapetala, Eriophorum angustifolium, 

 Lloydia serotina, Lycopodium Selago, Lycopodium alpinum, Athyrium alpestre, and 

 Aspidium spinulbsum. Several of these also descend — as already mentioned — into 

 the subalpine tracts, where they may be met with, partly as characteristic constitu- 

 ents of the flora of this region as well. 



The vegetation here does not, in the main, reach higher than about 2200—2300 m. 

 above sea-level, which may be regarded as the limit of the perennial snow in this 

 tract. 



The Wooded Steppe Region. 



The upper part of the Sisti-kem valley is a rugged wood-land with lofty hills on 

 both sides, mostly grown with cedar, silver-fir, spruce, and some pine, and, accordingly, 

 in paint of the flora, belonging to the subalpine region. In lower altitudes, at a greater 

 distance from the high mountains proper, the moisture gradually decreases. 



Southwards, the transitions in the natural conditions are rather sudden. The great 

 moisture is dependent on the loftier mountain masses, which are everywhere in these 

 regions of an eruptive nature. The Isohyetoses will no doubt prove to be closely connec- 

 ted with the rehef of the country and in their' broad features show the same course as the 

 curves of height. The lower parts are not only drier, but the ground is also of another 

 kind, consisting here of Devonian sandstone. Thus, both the cUmatic and the 

 edaphic conditions are factors contributing towards altering the natural conditions 

 when advancing southwards. About half way between Ust Algiac and Ust Sisti-kem 



76 



