At Bjelosarsk, in thickets and in grass-grown places near the river, I have observed: 

 Lalhyrus pratensis, Galium boieale, Inula britannica, Inula salicina, Adenophora 

 marsupiiflora, Hemerocalis flava, Melilotus dentatus, Potentilla bifurca, Poieniilla fmticosa, 

 Potentilla viscosa, Potentilla flagellaris, and in dry places, such as steppe-meadows, on 

 declivities, etc. occur Sisymbrium officinale, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Panzeria lanata, 

 Stipa pennata var. Joannis, Caragana pygmaea, Caragana Bungei, Chamaerhodos erecta, 

 Serratula nitida var. glauca, Statice speciosa, Urtica cannabina, and Gypsophila Gmelini. 

 In moist meadows, I have, moreover, found here Cenolophium Fischeri. Of Ihe 

 earlier vegetation at this time only remains were left. 



Fig. 69. Typical scenery from the steppes about the Ulu kem. Shrub-steppe, with Stipa 

 and scattered bushes of Caragana Bungei, and Caragana spinosa. To the left a branch of 



the riyer, with thicket of Salix. 



Further westwards the mighty river flows calmly through a completely woodless 

 land, only the banks and the islets in the river being clad with shrubs and trees, con- 

 sisting of various species of Salix, Betula verrucosa, and here and there some isolated 

 Larix. Among the other trees, for the rest, to be found here may be mentioned: 



Populus tremula, Populus laurifolia, Populus nigra, Alnus fruticosa, Crataegus 

 sanguinea, and Cornus alba. 



Here are to be met with in many places the typical shrub-steppes, being 

 intermediate between the genuine steppe and the xerophile copse. These shrub-steppes 

 constitute a plant society characteristic of the rocky steppes in central and south-western 

 Asia, and are of very common .occurrence on the steppes along the Ulu-kem. Here the 



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