In dry, sunny places in the Amyl taiga, and in dry, sandy woods of larch and pine at 

 Ust Sisti-kem. In flower and partly done flowering in July and August. 



Distribution: Europe, Caucasia and south-western Asia to the Himalayas, through- 

 out Siberia, northwards to about 63° north lat, and eastwards to Kamtchatka and the 

 Amoor Province. In North America the nearly allied species V. adunca Sm. and V. odon- 

 tophora Rydb. 



Viola canina L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1763) p. 1324; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. I, p. 260; Turczan. Cat 

 Baical. no. 200; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. I, p. 252, excl. var. neglectu; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. 

 (1842) p. 304, no. 190; Regel, PI. Radd. (1861) p. 489, no. 261, excl. var. sylvestris; EptM. $ji. 

 Ajit. I (1901) p. 125 (var. a et /S); BeKKept, <DiajiKOBi,iH bi. (DeAiCHKO, $.i. AsiaT. PoccIh 8 

 (1915) p 45; Becker, Violae Asiat. et Austral. (1917) p. 384. V. Ruppii Ledeb. 1. c. p. 491. 



Between Minusinsk and Karatus, and near'Kushabar, on dry hills overgrown with 

 open copse wood. Flowering and in part done flowering in the first half of July. 



Distribution: Europe, except the southern parts, Caucasia, Siberia, except the arctic 

 regions, northwards to about 60° north lat, eastwards to Kamtchatka, eastern Asia, Sak- 

 halin, Japan, North America, Greenland. 



Viola pumila Chaix in Vill. Hist Dauph. I (1786) p. 339, II (1787) p. 666; BeKKspi., 

 $iajiKOBi.i}i BTb 4>eRqeHK0, C&ji. AaiaT. Poccin 8 (1915) p. 63; Becker, Violae Asiat et Austral. 

 (1917) p. 389. V. moniana Ledeb. Fl. Alt I, p. 261; Turczan. Cat Baical. no. 202; Karel. 

 et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 128. V. persicifolia Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1842) p. 

 305, no. 191. V. pratensis Fries, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. L p. 251; Kpi-iJi. $ji. Ajit. I (1901) p. 124. 

 V. montana var. pratensis Regel, PI. Radd. (1861) p. 497, no. 262. 



The Asiatic specimens are distinguished by a comparatively long spur, and by their 

 broader and shorter leaves, frequently truncate at the base. In the material collected the 

 leaves are 2^ times as long as broad. Of rather common occurrence on islets in the 

 Yenisei, near Ust Abakansk, especially in somewhat humid, grass-grown places, and in 

 moist open copse wood at Kushabar, near the river. The species begins flowering already 

 at the end of May and the beginning of June. 



Distribution: Middle Europe, nortliwards to SA^eden, and southwards to Serbia and 

 Bulgaria, Turkestan, Siberia, eastwards to about Lake Baikal. 



Viola epipsila Ledeb. Ind. Sem. Hort Dorpat (1820) p. 5; Turczan. Cat Baical. no. 

 195; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. L p. 247, excl. syn; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1842) p. 302, no. 186; 

 Begel, PI. Radd. (1861) p. 478, no. 257; EpLM. $.i. Am. I (1901) p. 122; BeKKcpi., ^iamoBWH 

 Bt <E>eAieHKO, $jr. AsiaT. PoccIh 8 (1915) p. 57; Becker, Violae Asiat et Austral. (1917) p. 405; 



siibspec. repens (Turczan.) Becker, 1. c. (1915) p. 58. V. repens Turczan. in Bull. 

 Soc. Nat Moscou (1838) p. 88. 



In moist and boggy places, rather frequent in the subalpine wood regions about the 

 Upper Amyl and about the Upper Sisti-kem. Flowering and past flowering in July. 



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