Ill the Amyl taiga, scattered on dry hills in thickets of foliage and coniferous trees; 

 past flowering about the middle of July. 



Distribution: Europe, except the most northern parts, Caucasia and south-western 

 Asia, Siberia, eastwards to about the government of Yeniseisk, Sakhalin, Japan, North 

 Africa, North America (fugitive from Europe). 



Galium Aparine L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1762) p. 157; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. I, p. 134; Karel. el 

 Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 407; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 419; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. 

 (1845) p. 313, no. 555; Herder, PI. Radd. (1864) p. 212, no. 16; ibid. 1881. p. 148; KptM. 

 fD... A.1T. Ill (1904) p. 563. 



Of rather common occurrence on islets in the Lower Abakan, in waste places and 

 near the fields of the Abakan Tatars. The specimens exhibit rather considerable varia- 

 tions as to the shape, length, and breadth of the leaves, the length of the internodes, the 

 whole plant being also much varying in roughness. These characters are, in some measure, 

 due to variations in the conditions of life, but the specimens surely also belong to several 

 different systematical forms. In this case, the forms in question cannot be settled defini- 

 tely, as all the specimens, collected in the month of June, are very young, wanting 

 flowers and fruits, without which a reliable determination is impracticable. 



Distribution: Nearly all over Europe and Asia, North Africa, southwards to Kame- 

 run, introduced into North and South America and Australia. 



Galium vernum Scop. Fl. Carniol. I (1772) p. 99; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. I, p. 132; Ledeb. 

 Fl. Ross. II, p. 417; Kpw.r. $.,. A.w. IV (1904) p. 562. 



In mixed woods and thickets at Ust Sisti-kem, past flo^^'ering about the middle of 

 August. 



Distribution: Middle Europe, Caucasia, Siberia, eastwards to about the government 

 of Yeniseisk, northern Mongolia. 



Galium uliginosum L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1762) p. 153; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. I, p. 135; Tur- 

 czan. Cat. Baical. no. 564; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 408; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1845) 

 p. 312, no.. 552; Herder, PI. Radd. (1864) p. 215, no. 17; ibid. 1881, p. 152; Kptiji. Oji. Ajit. 

 Ill (1904) p. 559. 



Not unfrequent in marshes and wet places on the islets in the river Abakan, about 

 Kushabar, in several places in the Amyl taiga, and at Ust Algiac, where occurring 

 together with Galium palustre, moreover, at Ust Sisti-kem and Ust Kamsara. Specimens 

 from thevarious localities differ rather considerably in the length and solidity of the stems, 

 in the shape and size as well as in the length of the cups of the leaves. Collected flower- 

 ing and with fruits in July and August. 



Distribution: Over the greater part of Europe, Turkestan, Siberia, in the Yenisei 

 valley northwards to 70° 20' north lat., and eastwards roughly to the river Lena, north- 

 ern Mongolia. 



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