on the Upper Bei-kem, in the subalpine tracts between the rivers Kamsara and the Tara- 

 kem, where I have observed it in abundance at the end of August. 



Distribution: The Pyrenees, Alps, and Carpathian mountains, western Asia, Turke- 

 stan, Pamir, Tibet, the Himalayas, southern Siberia, eastwards as far as the Amoor Pro- 

 vince, northern Mongolia, China, Manchooria, Corea, Sakhalin, Japan, North America. 



Gnaphalium silvaticum L. Spec. PL ed. II (1763) p. 1200; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 57; 

 Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 609; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 5, no. 631; Herder, PI. 

 Radd. (1867) p. 408, no. 134; Eptiji. Oji. Ajit. Ill (1904) p. 601. G. rectum Turczan. Cat. 

 Baical. no. 639. 



The material brought home shows that the species varies considerably, especially in 

 the density of the spike, the shape of the leaves and the density of the pubescence. There 

 occur both /. brachystachyum Ledeb. 1. c. and /. macrostachyum Ledeb. 1. c, with 

 various intermediates. Near Kushabar I have collected some specimens with the involu- 

 cral bracts of a light straw-colour, whereby much recalling /. stramenticium Beck v. Man- 

 nagetta, Fl. Nied. Oester. II (1893) p. 1178. Pretty common in the subalpine regions 

 about the Upper Amyl, at Ust Algiac, Ust Sisti-kem, and Ust Tara-kem. In the Altaian 

 I have found it right up to about 1800 m. above sea-level. 



Distribution: Europe, Caucasia, south-western Asia to Turkestan, Siberia, north- 

 wards to about 68° north lat., eastwards roughly to Lake Baikal, northern Mongolia, 

 North America. 



Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1763) p. 1200; Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 

 640; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PL Fl. Alt. no. 475; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 57; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 

 II, p. 609; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 4, no. 630; Herder, PL Radd. (1867) p. 

 406, no. 133; Kpi.M. $ji. Am. Ill (1904) p. 602. 



In moist, loamy places near Kushabar, on the river Amyl, and in the Urjankai 

 country, about Ust Algiac and at Ust Sisti-kem. 



Distribution: Europe, except the most northern parts, Caucasia, western Asia, Sibe- 

 ria, northwards to past 70° north lat, eastwards to the Sea of Okhotsk and the Amoor 

 Province, Manchooria, Corea, Sakhalin, Japan, North America, probably introduced from 

 Europe. 



Helichrysum arenarium (L.) DC. Fl. Franc. IV, p. 132; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 607; 

 EpBM. $j. Ajit. Ill (1904) p. 603. Gnaphalium arenarium L. Spec. PL ed. II (1763) p. 

 1195; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 55; KareL et Kiril. Enum. PL Fl. Alt. no. 473. 



On the Abakan Steppe, in dry, sandy places towards Askys; with young flowers in 

 the middle of June. 



Distribution: Europe, northwards to southern Sweden, southwards to France, Switzer- 

 land, Serbia, Bulgaria, Caucasia, south-western Asia to Persia, Trans Caspia and Tur- 

 kestan, southern Siberia, eastwards roughly to the river Yenisei. 



417 



