As in the steppe plants at large, its flowering season seemed to begin comparar 

 tively early, at any rate considerably earlier than in the typical form, having been col- 

 lected by me in full flower and with ripe fruits in the middle of June. 



Distribution: The species is distributed over Europe, except the most southern parts, 

 Caucasia, Siberia, in the Yenisei valley northwards to 63° 25' north lat., northern Mon- 

 golia, Manchooria, Corea, northern China, Japan, North America (adventive from 

 Europe). 



Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop. Fl. Camiol. II, p. 130; Ledeb. Fl. Alt IV, p. 4; Karel. 

 et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 518; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 727; Eptia. $.u. Ajit. Ill (1904) 

 p. 690. 



On dry mountain-side, near Kushabar, flowering in the middle of July. 



Distribution: Europe, except the extreme north, Caucasia and adjacent parts of 

 south-western Asia to Turkestan, Siberia, eastwards to about the Yenisei. 



Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. Fl. Camiol. II, p. 128; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 6; Ledeb. Fl. 

 Ross. II, p. 733; Epti.!. <E>jn. Ajit. 111(1904) p. 691. 



In moist places on islets in the river Abakan, about Kushabar, near Ust Algiac, and 

 at Ust Sisti-kem. Flowering in July and August 



Distribution: Europe, Caucasia, Siberia, eastwards to about Lake Baikal. 



Cirsium serratuloides DC. Prodrom. IV, p. 652; Ledeb. Fl. Alt IV, p. 7; Turczan. 

 Cat. Baical. no. 669; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt no. 522; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 

 742; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 55, no. 677; Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 89, 

 no. 202; KpBui. <Djr. Ajit. Ill (1904) p. 693. 



In thickets at Ust Kamsara; in full flower in the middle of August. 



Distribution: Siberia, from about Omsk to Trans Baikal, northwards, in the Yeni- 

 sei valley, to 60° north lat, northern Mongolia. 



Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) All. Fl. Pedem. I, p. 152; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 7: Karel. 

 et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 523; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 739; Turczan. Fl. BaicaL- 

 Dahur. (1847) p. 56, no. 679; Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 87; Kpti.!. ^ji. A.it. Ill (1904) 

 p. 694. C. helenioides Turczan. Cat Baical. no. 670. 



In open, frequently slightly humid thickets, and on the banks of the Sisti-kem, 

 near Ust Algiac. In full flower in the second half of August. The specimens are distin- 

 guished by having the stems rather high, with many, comparatively small heads, and also 

 by having the leaves entire or only slightiy indented. They therefore seemed to have to 

 be referred to /. indivisum DC. Fl. Fr. no. 3086. I have also found the species to be 

 rather frequent about Kushabar, at Ust Sisti-kem, Ust Kamsara, and on flood-plains at Ust 

 Tara-kem. 



Distribution: Europe, except the southern parts, Caucasia, south-western Asia to 



432 



