Russian Turkestan, Siberia, northwards to towards 72° north lat., eastwards roughly to 

 Lalie Bailial, northern Mongolia. v 



Cirsium acaule (L.) All. Fl. Pedem. I, p. 182. 



var. sibiricum Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 743; Kptiji. $j. Ajit. Ill (1904) p. 696. C. acaule 

 Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 11; Turczan. Cat. Baical. no. 673; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. 

 no. 521. C. esculentum C. A. Meyer, Fl. Prov. Wiatka in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich, p. 

 43; Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 90. C. Gmelini Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 54, 

 no. 676. C. esculentum C. A. Meyer var. sibiricum C. A. Meyer, De Circiis Ruth, in Mem. 

 Acad. Imp. Petersb. Sc. Nat. VI. 



This species is pretty frequent at Ust Tara-kem, in wooded steppes and larch forests, 

 and on the steppes on the Ulu-kem, near Cha-kul, where I have collected it with flowers 

 and ripe fruits at the beginning of September. 



The Siberian variety of C. acaule differs from the European one by having the leaves, 

 especially on the vmder side, more or less densely hairy, and the margins having only 

 very slight, nearly semiorbicular, angular or toothed lobes. The heads are frequently 

 more than 1, densely congested, the bracts of the involucre nerveless, the pappus equal- 

 ling or exceeding the corolla. The Siberian variety — as is the case with the European 

 one — also occurs partly with completely sessile heads or nearly so (/. excapus Ledeb. 

 1. c), partly with distinct peduncles to towards a couple of feet high. (/. Gmelini 

 (Tausch.) Ledeb. 1. c). The specimens I have collected on the steppes near Cha-kul, have 

 nearly completely sessile heads, or only very short peduncles, 1 — IV^ inch high. 



Distribution: Europe, northwards to middle Sweden and southern Norway, south- 

 wards to middle Italy and the Balkan Peninsula, Caucasia, south-western Asia, roughly 

 to Russian Turkestan, southern Siberia, eastwards to Trans Baikal, northern Mongolia. 

 The variety sibiricum is to be found in the most eastern area of the species, westwards 

 roughly to eastern Russia and the Caucasus. 



Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli, Fl. Camiol. II (1772) p. 126; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. 

 Fl. Alt. no. 519; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 734; Herder, PI. Radd. (1870) p. 82; Kptiji. $jr. 

 ■Ajit. Ill (1904) p. 696. C. setosum Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 10. C. arguense DC. Prodrom. 

 VI, p. 644; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1847) p. 53, no. 674. 



Scattered on islets in the river Abakan, on the steppes, near habitations, about Minu- 

 sinsk and Kushabar, and at Ust Sisti-kem. 



Distribution: Europe, except the extreme south-western portions, Caucasia, south- 

 western Asia to Turkestan, Afghanistan and Baloochistan, Pamir, Tibet, the Himalayas, 

 northern India, Siberia, northwards to 66>^° north lat., and eastwards through Manchoo- 

 ria, northern Mongolia, China, Japan. Introduced into North America from Europe. 



Saussurea pygmaea Spreng. Syst. Veget. Ill, p. 381; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. IV, p. 14; Turczan. 

 Cat. Baical. no. 675; Karel. et Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 493; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. II, p. 



433 



