CABBAGE. . 88 
roots parallel with the row; the head will raise the plant 
so that it will be on an angle of about 45 degrees. The 
soil is drawn up well about the stalk, and for support 
this is kept up as the plants advance in growth. 
In sections of Europe like England, where cabbage 
withstands the winter in the open, the method prac- 
ticed for raising cabbage seed is similar to the usage on 
the northern Pacific Coast. The plants are allowed to 
remain over winter where they are grown; transplant- 
ing being done in autumn so as to toughen the tissues 
and enable the plants to withstand the rigor of winter, 
but this is not done in Oregon or Washington. 
Wintering Plants in the Open in Northern At- 
lantic States.—Those who care to take the risk of 
wintering plants in the field may do so after the follow- 
ing method. Sometimes nearly all the plants will 
winter through safely, but then again, as most frequently 
happens, but fifty to seventy-five per cent. of them will 
survive. It will hardly answer for crops on a large 
scale, owing to leaving so many open spaces for weeds 
to grow, but may do for market gardeners who save 
their own seeds. 
The plants are transplanted late in the fall, say about 
November 1st, to the place in the field in which they 
are to produce seed. As has been directed for setting 
out in spring, this is done by plowing deep furrows four 
feet apart for early varieties, five feet for late, and lay- 
ing the plants therein two feet apart, with the roots 
parallel with the furrow. The earth is then thrown in 
and pressed over the root and stalk; the leaves are par- 
tially covered, these being gathered about and over the 
head. Toward the end of the month, or on approach 
of winter, with plow and hoe, the plants are covered 
completely with earth, sufficiently to protect the heads 
3 
