98 THE SEED-GROWER. 
are hardy enough to withstand the winter in the open 
ground with the beds covered with leaves or litter. 
CANNA. 
In the Northern States, the entire clump of roots is 
taken up in the fall after frost has killed the tops; 
store them in a cellar with all the earth that adheres to 
them, and divide them in spring, taking care when 
replanting to have one or two buds to each piece of 
root. From North Carolina southward cannas winter 
better where they grew if the tops are cut and the beds 
covered with leaves or litter. 
CONVALLARIA—LILY OF THE VALLEY. 
What are commercially known as pips are the single 
crowns which are detached from the clumps and grown 
separately for three seasons before they become market- 
able. 
DAHLIA. 
In the Northern States the tubers are taken up about 
a week after frost has killed the tops and before the 
ground has become frozen, and stored like potatoes in 
a cellar or in a dry room free from frost. 
What are termed dry pot roots are raised from cuttings 
in three-inch pots placed on ashes in a frame to stop the 
roots from penetrating the soil, being grown in the sum- 
mer and allowed to dry off in autumn. They are then 
taken out of the pots and stored away like large tubers. 
These dry pot roots make plants fully equal to those 
grown from large tubers. 
FREESIA. 
After flowering, the bulbs should be allowed to ripen 
naturally in the soil; they are then taken up and dried. 
They should be stored in a dry room. 
