118 Phenomena Refuting Simple Epigenesis 
Thus for example a larva of Rana esculenta from 
which there had been cut off the most anterior part of 
the head including the eye anlagen, the anterior part 
of the brain, the nasal groove, and the primitive mouth, 
was so grafted upon the caudal half of the abdomen of 
a complete larva, as to form an acute angle between the 
back of the former and the abdomen of the latter, the 
abdomen of the former being turned toward the head 
of the latter. After allowing the double larva twelve 
days of development, it was killed and it showed that 
“all the organs of the partial larva up to the surface of 
amputation and union had developed quite as com- 
pletely as though there was no part of them lacking 
and as though their normal environment and their or- 
dinary relations were quite undisturbed.” ®° 
The anterior portion of a larva so short that it 
scarcely extended beyond the commencement of the elon- 
gated spinal cord, was grafted upon the abdomen of a 
complete larva, and continued to develop normally. 
“All parts developed completely up to the surface of 
amputation: the cartilaginous trabeculae, the quadrates 
with the chewing muscles covering them, behind the 
mouth cavity the cartilages of Meckel, the cartilages of 
the lower jaw and behind these again the hyoids.” ® 
Upon these and other similar examples, Born bases 
the following conclusions: “Although up to the moment 
of grafting there had been no trace (of primordial cra- 
nium) present, and the mesoderm from which it develops 
remained in a quite indifferent and almost primitive con- 
*°Born: Uber Verwachsungsversuche mit Amphibienlarven. 
P. 97. 
“Born: Uber Verwachsungsversuche mit Amphibienlarven. 
P. 108—109. 
