Affective Tendencies 383 
running. The first time this occurred the sensation was 
somewhat as follows: it happened that I was suddenly 
aware of a very indefinite unrest, a lack of something 
without being able to say just what the matter was. Not 
until after some reflection did I discover the cause in 
the stopping of my clock.” 3° 
Moreover each of us has doubtless had opportunity 
to observe how things which are disagreeable at first 
finally become attractive from. custom, and how such 
habits assumed in the course of man’s life become as per- 
emptory “needs” as those which we call natural needs. 
“Smokers, snuff-takers, and those who chew tobacco, 
furnish familiar instances of the way in which long per- 
sistence in a sensation not originally pleasurable, makes 
it pleasurable—the sensation itself remaining unchanged. 
The like happens with various foods and drinks, which, 
at first distasteful, are afterwards greatly relished if fre- 
quently taken.” 31 
Thence arises the hankering after certain customary, 
things which we suddenly miss: “In some animals there 
is produced a condition resembling nostalgia, expressing 
itself in a violent desire to return to former haunts, or 
in a pining away resulting from the absence of accus- 
tomed persons and things.” * 
Mere habit, therefore, is enough, as we have seen in 
the case of family love, to cause other similar affectivities 
also to originate and take root. Such are gregariousness, 
sociability, friendship, and the like: “The perception of 
30G. E. Miiller, Zur Theorie der Sinnlichen Aufmerksamkeit, 
p. 128, Leipsic, Edelmann. 
31Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Psychology, 4th ed., I, 
287. London, Williams and Norgate, 1899. 
32Th. Ribot, Essay on the Creative Imagination, p. 95. Chi- 
cago, The Open Court Publishing Company, 1906. 
