386 : Appendix 
the other sex though only a necessary means for the sat- 
isfaction of sexual appetite finally becomes with certain 
individuals an end in itself. The pleasure in seducing 
for its own sake, the “sexual vanity” of both male and 
female and the other similar affectivities are further 
instances. 
The case is the same with the tearing to pieces of prey 
which was originally the customary means for satisfying 
hunger but finally gave place to cruelty for cruelty’s sake. 
“One half of the animal race live upon prey; and as 
it is delightful to eat so it must be delightful to kill. 
Pleasurable also must be all the signs of discomfiture, 
the helpless struggles and agonized gestures of the 
victim.” 3° 
In man the love of victory for its own sake, ambi- 
tion, thirst for power, desire for fame and glory, the 
endeavor to surpass his fellows, are all derived as con- 
sequences of further transference. 
In these and all other similar cases of affective trans- 
ferences to environmental relations constantly becoming 
less material and more moral, besides the real proper 
affective transference which transforms the part into a 
new “end,” there is always involved in man and in the 
higher animals the cooperation of their own intellectual 
development. 
For the intellect is constantly discovering new and 
unsuspected similarities between the most diverse phe- 
nomena, even between material and ethical phenomena, 
extending the same affectivities to the one class that are 
valid for the other; just as disgust for certain foods 
characterized by taste or odor as unwholesome extends 
35Alexander Bain, The Emotions of the Will, 4th ed., London, 
Longmans Green, 1899, p. 65. 
