Affective Tendencies 387 
to certain objects which can only be touched or seen 
(viscous bodies), and then, carrying the analogy still 
farther, even to simple “objects” or relations of an 
ethical order.*° 
At the same time inasmuch as the intellect foresees 
with constantly increasing sharpness the external phe- 
nomena to be expected as effects of given causes, it con- 
tinues to devise new means more indirect and more 
complex for attaining its end, and thereby to open a 
broader sphere of efficiency for “affective transference.” 
For instance the weapon which was invented by man as 
means for self-preservation has rendered possible an 
affective transference to itself which is characteristic of 
the warrior and the hunter; and the earth which the 
agriculturist has utilized to provide his own nourishment 
has made possible that intense love for the soil frequent 
among farmers. 
Furthermore, since the intellect also foresees with in- 
creasing certainty internal physical processes, it calls into 
being a large number of new affectivities destined to pre- 
vent possible future affective tendencies from remaining 
unsatisfied. For instance the anticipation of future 
hunger gives even the satiated man the inclination to lay 
up food that is left from a meal, and to keep it in his 
possession. ‘Thus arises in general the sepse of owner- 
ship, and in the same way the anticipation of the in- 
numerable other desires which civilized man cherishes 
today excites in him an intense longing for wealth, covet- 
ousness and similar passions.%7 
Finally, the intellect renders possible that infinite vari- 
36Ribot, Psych. des sent., p. 212.—Essai sur les passions, pp. 65 ff. 
37Spencer, Princ. of Psychol., I, 488 f£—Ribot, Psychol. des sent., 
110, 269-270. 
