Affective Tendencies 389 
remote and hardly distinguishable derivative of the 
same instinct.®° 
How high may be the degree of complexity which can 
thus be attained is attested, for instance, by maternal love 
which has grown from the purely bodily necessity for lac- 
tation to the tenderest feelings of the noblest self-denial, 
and especially also by conjugal affection which has been 
transformed from coarse brutal sexual appetite to an 
harmonious cooperation of the gentlest and most delicate 
moral affectivities.*° 
Yet it is easily comprehensible that it would be use- 
less, and impossible to stop here to investigate all of the 
affectivities and their slightest shades which have arisen 
and in this way attained their development in the higher 
animals and especially in man. Let these few indica- 
tions stffice to render intelligible the fact that as soon 
as the organism has acquired in the direct mnemonic 
way a stock of affective tendencies and the intellect has 
attained its proper development, the number of affec- 
tivities which may be derived by “transference” and by 
“combination,” that is to say, by indirect mnemonic 
means, is infinite. 
Vv. 
But few words are needed to indicate the place of 
affective tendencies among those fundamental physical 
phenomena which are most closely connected with them, 
such as the emotions, the will, and the states of pleasure 
and pain. 
Emotions are only sudden and violent modes of acti- 
39See Bain, The Emotions and the Will, pp. 117 £—Ribot, Psych. 
des sentiments, pp. 229 f., 271 £—Problémes de psychologie affective, 
chap. III, “L’antipathie,” Paris, Alcan, 1910. 
40Spencer, op cit., I, 487 f. 
