392 Appendix 
suddenly nor with too great intensity, then only are the 
requisite muscles called into play without any emotion. 
Thus the amount of useful work accomplished as a result 
of the discharge of the affective tendency is greater in 
inverse proportion to the amount lost in the coordinated 
movements of a purely emotional significance. This is 
the reason why we generally observe the greatest deter- 
mination, the most tenacious persistence in transactions, 
the most intense and feverish activity in “unemotional” 
individuals.*# 
As regards the will, an act of volition takes place 
whenever an affective tendency directed towards a future 
goal triumphs over an affective tendency whose aim is 
for the present; in other words, whenever a far-sighted 
affectivity is victorious over a short-sighted one. It is 
not the man who sweating and panting after a long run 
throws himself down to drink eagerly from a spring who 
exercises an act of volition, but rather the one who for- 
bears to slake his burning thirst for fear of a greater 
future evil. Likewise no act of volition is exerted when 
an exhausted wanderer throws himself down to sleep, 
but rather when a mountain climber overcomes exhaus- 
tion in order to reach the desired goal. And the act of 
a man who on a momentary impulse falls upen his oppo- 
nent at the slightest provocation with hard words and 
fisticuffs does not demand any will power, as does the 
conduct of the man who bridles his just anger in order 
coolly to estimate to its remotest consequences the most 
appropriate procedure to enter upon against the 
offender.*® 
44See Revault d’Allonnes, Les inclinations, pp. 207 f. 
45Cf. E. Meumann, Intelligenz and Wille, pp. 181 f. (Leipsic, 
Quelle und Meyer, 1908), although differing in many points. 
