398 Appendix 
are predetermined but only the point towards which it 
tends. It is a “disposable” energy to be applied at will 
to this or that act so long as it leads to the desired end. 
Therefore it can be represented at the same time quite 
indefinitely by any of the infinite number of arrows 
which fill the entire volume of a cone and converge at 
its apex. 
The reflex movement admits therefore of but a single 
solution. On the other hand the affective tendency 
admits of an indefinitely large number of solutions so 
long as none of the possible movements has been per- 
formed by chance and given rise to a choice; or when 
there are numerous equivalent paths to the goal. 
This possibility of many solutions constitutes exactly 
the “unforeseen,” the “antimechanical” behavior depend- 
ent on the affectivity or will, in contrast to the predeter- 
mined mechanical behavior of reflex movements or of 
any such complex combinations of reflex movements as 
certain instincts exhibit. 
Finally it is this fundamental property of the affective 
tendency of constituting in some degree a force grav- 
itating toward that environment or those particular en- 
vironmental relations which permit the reactivation of 
certain mnemonic accumulations forming this very ten- 
dency, which lends that environment or those environ- 
mental relations the appearance of a wis a fronte or 
“ultimate cause” differing very essentially from the ws 
a tergo or “actual cause” which alone is operative in 
inorganic nature.*® 
The organism, writes Jennings, “seems to work to- 
ward a definite purpose. In other words, the final result 
49See W. James, Principles of Psychology, I. pp. 7 £. London, 
Macmillan, 1gor. 
