CONSPICUOUSNESS :IN NATURE 13 
in spite of the fact that animals thus render 
themselves conspicuous to their enemies. 
Means are usually taken to make them as 
little conspicuous as possible ; they are carried 
out under cover, or at night, or only after 
inspection has proved the absence of any 
enemy. At the slightest alarm they cease. 
It is not to this kind of motion that at- 
tention is now to be drawn, but to those 
motions made by animals whose purpose is 
to make themselves conspicuous. Motions of 
this kind, purposely conspicuous, are made 
chiefly for two reasons: (1) to signal to 
friends; (2) to signal to enemies. Signals 
to friends give notice of danger, of security, 
of the presence of a comrade, of the pre- 
sence of a male or female, and of many other 
things. 
It is not to these signals, but to the signals 
to enemies, that attention is now directed. 
Signals to enemies are of two kinds, and 
made for two reasons: (1) Repellent, to repel 
the enemy, to frighten it away; (2) Attrac- 
tive, to attract the enemy, to draw its attack. 
Examples of these two kinds of signals by 
motion are to be found widely distributed 
throughout the animal kingdom. The majority 
of animals at bay attempt to frighten away an 
