THE THEORY 9 
ence, and to reproduce itself, better than 
other pairs whose males do not possess this 
added character. Such a character, associated 
in the first place with maleness, will be 
handed down by the male to the pair’s male 
offspring. Such a character should be looked 
upon as a character of the pair and not of 
the male, although bound to him. 
So with other societies, parents or young 
may possess, as variations, characters which 
enable the family to reproduce itself better 
than other families. When these become 
fixed they must be looked upon, not as 
characters of old individuals or young, but 
as family characters. 
It is possible to now explain heading 4. 
4, These Diversities, dc.—If pairs, families, 
or other societies have characters, and if, 
within these societies, there are individuals 
of different value, then these societies must 
possess characters which compel Natural 
Selection to select the less valuable indi- 
viduals rather than the more valuable. 
Suppose a pair be subjected to selection, 
and suppose the male has, as variations, a 
character which causes the selecting agent to 
destroy him, the less valuable, rather than the 
female, the more valuable ; then this pair will 
