PARENTAL AND SEXUAL CHARACTERS 105 
PC 
YC 
OF OS 
a 
OF Oy 
Qs 
OF O OF Oy 
NSN QQ 
By no means uncommon ; in the vast 
majority of these cases the conspicuous 
characters of the young are like those 
of the parents, and, like them, are of 
a warning nature. 
A common condition when the species 
does not form itself into the society or 
family; but when families are found, 
some conspicuous character is almost 
always found in the parents, which is 
not present in the young. 
Is very common in all mono-sexual 
animals: to protect the more valuable 
female. 
Very rare and form exceptions to the 
theory ; can sometimes be explained by 
their having unusual habits, as in the 
Phalaropes; or by their being pro- 
tectively coloured to different environ- 
ments, although not at first sight 
obviously so. 
Not uncommon, and almost always 
the conspicuous characters are warning. 
Not uncommon ; colour or form may 
be similar in the two sexes and pro- 
tective, but they are seldom entirely 
