CONSIDERATION OF BRITISH BIRDS 111 
vantage, in that young would be constantly 
protected, as in the Gannet. 
Although both the males and females of 
these birds are conspicuously coloured, the 
males are usually more conspicuous. This 
would make the males more powerful attrac- 
ting agents than females. Other methods 
are of course also utilised. 
There is evidence that some of these birds present 
warning coloration ; for instance, powerful birds (Swan, 
Cormorant, &c.), and ill-flavoured birds (Petrels and 
Kingfisher). 
Division III 
Comprises birds having purposely con- 
spicuous or attracting coloration confined 
to the male. The vast majority of these birds 
(Table VII) make open nests, a habit that 
possibly causes the female to be cryptically 
coloured. Thus the male only has attractive 
coloration for the purpose of protecting the 
young. Arising in this way, this coloration 
is also used during the breeding season, for 
the protection of the female. 
In the analide, the males usually take no 
part in the bringing up of the young, and yet 
the males are very conspicuously coloured 
during the breeding season ; moreover, directly 
