CHAPTER XII 
HUMAN AND OTHER SOCIETIES 
AT present only two societies have been dealt 
with, the Pair and the Family. Before, how- 
ever, passing on to others, a few remarks 
will be made relevant to the Pair among 
insects. 
In many insects the period of copulation 
extends over several hours and often over 
days. Moreover they are, during this period, 
quite defenceless and are able to utilise but 
poor means of escape. Therefore one would 
expect to find them exhibiting characters which 
would entice enemies to take males rather 
than females ; especially as the unnatural dis- 
joining of pairs, even a short time after copu- 
lation has begun, does not result in an entirely 
infertile female, but in a more or less com- 
pletely fertilised one. 
In some cases the separating of the pair 
takes place immediately either male or female 
are seized, and especially the male; in others 
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