180 45. COMPOSITiE. 



rough, leafy. HtaAs of wliite fl. small, globose, exceeding the 

 involucres.— Moist shady places. B. VIII. 81wphercCs Rod. E, 



2. Knatji'ia Goult. 



1. K. arven'sis (Coult.) ; lower 1. simple, stem-1. pinnatifld, 

 St. bristly, calyx with about 8 awned teeth. — E. B. 659. — St. 2 

 — 3 feet high," slightly branched, with a few leaves. Radical 1. 

 many, sometimes pinnately lobed. Fl. purple, in large convex 

 long-stalked heads; outer usually unequal and radiant. Inv. 

 bluntish. — Sometimes 1. all simple narrowly lanceolate entire or 

 superficially crenate. — Fields. P. VII. — IX. Field Scabious. 



F. S. 1, 



3. ScABio'sA Linn. Scabious. 



1. S. suodsa (L.) ; root-stock abrupt, heads of fl. and fr. 

 nearly globose, involucel hairy 4-fid herbaceous, cor. 4-cleft, 1. 

 oblong entire, upper 1. narrower mostly entire. — -E JB, 878. 

 Succisa pratensis Moench. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, rarely branched. 

 Radical 1. many, stem-1. usually few. Fl. all alike, purplish 

 blue, rarely white. St. and both sides of the 1. hairy or glabrous. 

 — Meadows and pastures. P. VII. — X. DeviVs bit. E. S. I. 



2. iS. CoTumbdria (L.) ; heads of fr. globose, involticel membra- 

 nous notched fun-owed throughout, no distinct base, cor. 6-cleft 

 radiant, radical 1. oblong stalked crenate entire or lyrate, upper- 

 most 1. pinnatifld with linear segments. — H. B. 1311. — St. 12— 

 18 in. high. Radical 1. blunt, or, rarely, lanceolate and acute, 

 on long stalks; upper 1. rarely entire, linear. Fl. purplish, 

 anth. yellow. — On a calcareous soil. P. VII. VIII. E. S. 



\_8. maritima (L.) ; involucel and its base furrowed, cor. 5- 

 cleft ; has been found near St. Ouen's Bay, Jersey.] 



Order XLV. COMPOSITiE. 



Fl. surrounded by an involucre formed of scales (phyllaries), 

 coUected together in a head looking like a single flower. Cal. 

 superior; limb inconspicuous or forming a toothed bristly or 

 feathery pappus. Cor. tubvilar or ligulate ; both kinds in the 

 same head or only one of them. Stam. 5, inserted in the tube ; 

 fllaments free ; anthers united into a tube surrounding the style, 

 often with tails at their base. Fr. indehiscent, dry, with an 

 erect seed without albumen. — No stipules. 



The following arrangement of the genera is different from that 

 used in the arrangement of the species. In cases of diflSculty 

 they may both be used with advantage. 



