204 45. COMPOSITE. 



branches. Pappus or short. Heads sometimes radiant. Au- 

 tvunnal forms have erect-patent branches, ending in solitary- 

 heads ; vernal have almost divaricate branches. — /3. C. decipiens 

 (Thuill.) ; phyll. -appendages erect lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate 

 asually not wholly covering the phyll. their teeth short. St. 

 usually simple, 1-headed. L. broader than those of a. Teeth 

 often scarcely longer than the breadth of the brown appendage ; 

 8 inner rows of phj'U. usually protruding. Pappus 0. Heads 

 usually (perhaps always) radiant. Sy. E. B. 707. C. nigrescem 

 (Bab.). The plant when seen is easily distinguishable from 

 the radiant form of C. nigra, although hardly to be separated 

 by characters. — Meadows and pastures. /3. South of England, 

 rare. P. VI.— IX. ' E. S. I. 



** Phyll. lanceolate, their upper half with a someiohat scarious 

 deeply toothed or fringed decurrent margin. 



2. C. Cy'anus (L.) ; phyll. erect adpressed deeply toothed, 

 pappus as long as the fruit, I. linear-lanceolate, the lowermost 

 toothed or pinnatifid. — E. B. 277. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, loosely 

 cottony, leafy. L. slightly cottony above, densely beneath. 

 Involucre greenish yellow ; phyll. often tinged with purple in 

 their upper half, margins brown decurrent with whitish teeth. 

 Heads with large radiant hlue flowers, disk purple. — Oorn-fields. 

 A. VI.— Vni. Com Bluebottle. E. S. I. 



3. C. Scabidsa (L.) ; phyll. erect adpressed, the triangular- 

 ovate black pectinate appendages not covering the inv., teeth 

 ascending setaceous short, pappus as long as the fruit, I. pinna- 

 tifid rougliish, segments lobed with hard points. — E. B. 56. — 

 St. 2 — 3 feet high, rough, furrowed. L. hispid, lobes of the 

 upper ones entire. Heads on long naked stalks, solitary. In- 

 volucres usually rather woolly ; phyll. pale, with dark acute 

 membranous pectinate decurrent appendages; teeth paler, short, 

 not longer than J'the width of the phyllary. Fl. purple, outer 

 row radiant or 0. Rarely the inv. is quite covered by the 

 appendages,— Fields and hedges. P. VH. — IX. Great Knap- 

 weed. Matfellon. E. S. I. 



[C. panioiddta (L.) ; phyll. erect adpressed rigid with subulate 

 teeth and a short term, rigid point innermost narrow long toothed 

 i),t the end, pappus much shorter than the fruit, lower 1. pinna- 

 tifid with linear segments. — R. xv. 780.^ — St. about a foot high, 

 mnicled above, rough, rather cottony. Heads cylindric-oblong. 

 Fl. purplish. — Quenvais and St. Ouen's Bay, Jersey. B. VII.] 



*** Phyll, horny at the end, spines palmate or pinnate. 



J4. C. Bolstitidlis (L.) ; phyll. woolly palmately spinous, central 



