CENTAtTBBA. OlfOPOIlDtrM. 205 



spine of the intermediate ones very long needle-shaped, inner 

 phyll. with a roundish scarious appendage, heads terminal solitary, 

 St. -winged with the decurrent bases of the linear-lanceolate entire 

 hoary leaves, root-1. lyrate — E. B. 243. — St. 1 — 2 feet high, 

 branched, spreading. Involucres sometimes glabrous. H. 

 yellow. — Cultivated land, probably introduced. A. VII. — ^IX. 

 Yellow Star- Thistle. E. 



6. C. Caldtrdpa (L.) ; phyll. glabrous palmately spinous, cen- 

 tral spine strong channelled, innermost phyll. with a scarious blunt 

 appendage, heads lateral sessile solitary, pappus 0, 1. deeply 

 pinnatijid, lobes of the root-1. lanceolate toothed, of the stem-1. 

 linear. — IE. B. 125. — St. furrowed, slightly hairy, branched, 

 spreading, about a foot high. Fl. purplish. — Gravelly and 

 sandy places. A. VII. VIII. Common Star-Thistle. E. 



[C. as'pera (L.) ; phyll. palmately spinous, spines nearly equal 

 3 — 5, innermost phyll. with a scarious blunt lanceolate or 

 slightly spathulate appendage, heads terminal solitary, pappus of 

 all the fr. in several rows, I. linear coarsely toothed narrowed 

 below sessile rough, lower 1. (and those of the primary stem ?) 

 broader incise-dentate with clasping auricles. — C. Isnardi L. 

 E. B. 2256. — St. procumbent ; branches long slender simple 

 leafy. L. slightly toothed or entire. El. purple. — Typical C. 

 aspera has its upper leaves sessile but not clasping. — Guernsey, 



P. VII. vm.] 



[C Salman'tica (L.) and C. leucopJuea (JorA.) are said to have 

 been found in Jersey with C. panioulata ; but I have not seen 

 specimens.] 



Section 4. CARDUINEM. Heads many-flowered ; flowers 

 all tubular. Involucre in many rows of distinct spinous phyllaries. 

 Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows, not surrounded hy a 

 prominent margin. 



30. Onopoe'btjm Linn. Cotton Thistle. 



1. O. Acan'thium (L.) ; st. erect many-headed, 1. eUiptio-ob- 

 long woolly on both sides sinuate spinous decurrent, outer phyU. 

 lanceolate-subulate recurved and spreading. — E. B. 977. — St. 

 4 — 5 feet high, woolly, with broad spinous wings, branched. 

 Inv. nearly globose, large, somewhat cottony ; phyll. fringed 

 with minute spinous teeth. Fl. purple. — Waste ground in 

 South-east. B. VIH. E. 



