206 45. COMPOSITE. 



31. Car'duus Lirm. Thistle. 

 [Many hybrids apparently occur in this genus. J 

 * Pappus rough. Oabduus Sm., DC, Koch. 



1. C. nutans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuate, 

 heads solitary drooping hemispherical, phyll. lanceolate cottony 

 outer ones reflexed. — B. B. 1112. — St. 2 feet hi^h, erect, angular, 

 furrowed, cottony, winged. L. hairy on hoth sides, with woolly 

 veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy spinous-cUiate 

 segments ending m strong spines. Heads large ; fl. crimson; un- 

 opened anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, internal phyll. con- 

 tracted above the base and then lanceolate. — Waste ground. 

 B. v.— VIII. Mush-Thistle. E. 8. 1, 



2. C. cris'pus (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinoua-ciliate lanceolate 

 glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes trifid and 

 dentate, heads roundish, phyll. linear-subulate erect or ascending. 

 —E. B. 973.— St. about 3 feet high. Phyll. not contracted 

 above their base. — a. C. crispus (L.) ; 1. lanceolate usually cottony 

 beneath, heads small clustered subglobular (or ovoid C. polyan- 

 themos Koch), phyll. ending in a weak spine, ped. winged to 

 the top, central tubercle of fr. not angular. — 0. C. acanthoides 

 (L.) ; 1. broadly lanceolate less downy beneath, head twice as 

 large solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together subglobular, phyll. 

 strongly spinous erect, ped. often naked at the top, central 

 tubercle of fr. 5-angled. — Dry banks and waste places. /3 is the 

 less common plant. B. ? VL— VIII. ' E. S. I. 



3. C. tenuifldrus (Ourt.) ; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous broadly 

 lanceolate cottony beneath, segments ovate lobed, heads many 

 crowded sessile subcylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate attenuate. 

 — S. B. 412. 0. pycnocephalus Hooh. — St. about 3 feet high, 

 slightly branched, with broad deeply lobed spinous wings. L. 

 deeply sinuate or pinnatifid. Involucres nearly glabrous. Fl. 

 pink. — Sandy places near the sea. B. ? VI. — VIII. E. S. I. 



** Pappus feathery. Cnicits Linn., Sm. Ciecium Koch, DO. 



t Leaves spinous-hairy above, flowers purple. 



4. C. lanceolatus (L.) ; I. decurrent white and cottony beneath 

 pinnatifid, lobes bifid with lanceolate entire segments each ter- 

 minated by a strong spine, involucres ovate shaggy, phyll. lanceo- 

 late spinous spreading. — E. B. 107. — St. 3 — 4 feet high, erect, 

 furrowed, hairy, with strong spinous wings. Heads terminal, 

 solitary or 2 or 3 together, large. — Waste ground. B. VII. VIII. 

 Spear Thistle. E. S. I. 



