POITSTICHTTM. OTSTOPTERIS. 459 



the partial rachis at the point of attachment. In young plants 

 the pinnse are serrate or pinnatifld or with one or more pin- 

 nules distinct. A few of the lowest pinnules are often slightly 

 stalked, but very differently from those of P. annulare. — A. 

 lobatum (Sw.) has the pinnae less divided than in the type of 

 the species and the fronds linear-lanceolate and more rioid. 

 jET. F. 10.— Hedge-banks. P. YII. VUI. E. S. I. 



3. P. anguldre (Newm.) ; fronds lax drooping lanceolate bi- 

 pinnate, pinnules truncate or obtuse-angled beloto distinctly stalked. 

 M. 173. S. F. 12. — Stipe usually long. First upper pinnule 

 scarcely longer than the others, its lower side rounded below, 

 its upper with a large bluntish amicle and forming an obtuse 

 angle with the lower, at the top of the short stalk which is 

 nearly at right angles with the partial rachis ; all short, broad 

 and bluntish ; or first upper pinnule longer and deeply pin- 

 natifld, all more acute ; or pinnules all narrower and acute. — 

 Sheltered woods and hedge-banks, chiefly in the West. P. 



vn. VIII. E. s. I. 



6. Cystop'ieris Bernh. Bladder-Fern. 



1. C. frag'ilis (Bernh.) ; frond lanceolate bipinnate, pinnae 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, pinnules oblong-ovate or cordate- 

 ovate pinnatifld or cut. — a. vera ; usually bipinnate, pinnules 

 -rather narrowed below, veins ending at tip of term, teeth or if 

 pinnule emarginate in the 2 teeth not in the notch. Sporules 

 prickly. — a. t'. artthrisdfolia (Roth) ; pinnules ovate acute cut, 

 segments oblong toothed. Cystea fragilis Sm., N. 155. — b. C. 

 cynapifolia (Roth) ; pinnules obovate cut, segments obovate 

 toothed or retuse at the end. C fragilis E. B. 1587, — c. C. 

 angustata (Sm.) ; pinnules lanceolate acute cut, segments lan- 

 ceolate-oblong cut, teeth acute. N. 156. — /3. C. dentata (Sm.) ; 

 frond often only subbipinnate, pinnules broadest below blunt 

 bluntly toothed, veins as in a. H. F. 23. N. 154. C. fragilis 

 Roth." Clusters moi-e marginal, often ultimately confluent. 

 In well-grown plants the pinnules are suddenly widened to 

 their full extent just above their narrow stalklike base. 

 Spores warted. — y. C. Bickieana (Sim), pinnae usuallj' over- 

 lapping, pinnules broad blunt, veins reaching tlie emarginate end, 

 clusters scattered, spores verrucose. — 5. C. alpina (Desv.) ; 

 frond bipinnate, pinnae ovate, pinnules ovate deeply pinnatittd 

 with broadly and shortly linear segments partly cloven, veins 

 reaching the blunt end. E. B. 183. H. F. 24. " Fronds much 

 divided but compact and close. — I have placed these plants 

 under one species with much doubt. — Rocks and walls, y. In 

 a damp cave by the sea near Aberdeen. 8. Teesdale. Mr. J. 

 Backh(Mse\ P. VH. VHI. E.S.I. 



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