■BiEDS OF Indiana. 553 



F. Order PALUDICOL^. 



THE SWAMP BIRDS-CRANES, RAILS, COOTS, Etc. 



a'. Size large; wing over 10 inches ; bill over 3 inches. Gruid^b. — Cranes. XV 

 a'. Size snaall ; wing under 10 inches ; bill under 3 inches. 



EallidjE. — Rails, Etc. XVI 



G. Order LIMICOLJE. 



THE SHORE BIRDS-SNIPES, PLOVERS, SANDPIPERS, Etc. 



o'. Toes with lobed webs on the sides; tarsus compressed. 



Phalabopodidje. — Phalabopbs. XVII 

 a^. Toes without lobed webs on the sides; tarsus not extremely compressed. 

 6'. Tarsus more than twice the length of middle toe with claw. 



Rbcukvikostrid^. — AvocETs, Etc. XVIII 

 b'. Tarsus less than twice the length of middle toe with claw. 



c'. Front of tarsus covered with a continuous row of transverse, four-sided 

 scales. Toes four (except Sanderling). 

 d^. Bill slender with blunt tip, soft skinned and sensitive throughout. 



Scoi/OPACiD^. — Snipb, Etc. XIX 

 c^. Front of tarsus covered with small six-sided or irregular scales; toes 

 three (except Black-bellied Plover). Charadriid.e. — Plovers. XXI 

 d^. Bill stout, hard, pointed and wedge shaped at the tip in our species. 



APHBiziDiE. — Surf Birds, Etc. XX 



H. Order GALLINiE. 



PHEASANTS, GROUSE, PARTRIDGES, Etc. 



o'. Tarsus with spurs in male ; head naked or tail long and vaulted. 



Phasianidjb. — Pheasants, Etc. XXIII 

 o^. Tarsus without spurs ; head feathered (or nearly so) ; tail not vaulted. 



Tetraonid^e. — Grouse, Etc. XXII 



I. Order COLUMB^. 



THE PIGEONS. 

 Characters same as the order. ColdmbiDjE. — Pigeons. XXIV 



J. Order RAPTORES. 



BIRDS OP PREY. 



o'. Head entirely naked (downy in young) ; feet not adapted for grasping; nostril 

 longitudinal. CATHAKTiDiE. — American Vultures. XXV 



a". Head nearly or fully feathered ; feet especially adapted for grasping; nostrils 

 vertical or roundish. 



