1038 Kepobt of State Geologist. 



longer bill. Adult Male. — With more yellow on the under parts and 

 less black or blackish on the lores and malax region; the dark collar 

 across the jugulum, narrow, obscure, often nearly wanting; the chest, 

 pale, diffuse russet, without obvious markings" (Brewster). 



Length, 4.12-4.95; wing, 2.20-2.40; tail, 1.60-1.85. 



Eange. — JSastem jSTorth America, from Guatemala and West Indies 

 to District of Columbia, southern Illinois and southern Indiana. 

 Breeds from south Atlantic and Gulf States, east of Texas, north. 

 Winters from Florida, southward. 



Nest, of long moss (Tillandsia) woven together, lined with feathers 

 and soft materials. Sggs, 5; white, speckled and spotted, almost 

 wholly at larger ends, with lilac and bright reddish-brown; .69 by .47. 



Hitherto all the Parula Warblers of eastern North America have 

 been classed as this form. In the Auk for January, 1896, Mr. William 

 Brewster has separated them, giving to the birds breeding in the 

 northern United States and Canada the sub-specific name usnece, and 

 assuring us that the type of Linnseus' species was a southern bird, and 

 therefore the birds from that region should retain the above name. 

 He says, in his collection/ are appai-ently typical examples of this 

 form, from Mt. Carmel, 111. Mr. Eobert Eidgway writes me: "The 

 breeding bird of the lower Wabash Valley, and probably other ex- 

 treme southern or southwestern parts of the State (Indiana), is true 

 C. americana." There is no record of its having been taken farther 

 north or even elsewhere in the State. In 1881, Mr. Eidgway says 

 they arrived in Knox County, April 18 (Bull. N. 0. Club, Vol. VII., 

 No. 1, 1882). 



He has also informed us that it nests in Knox and Gibson counties. 

 Prom there it breeds southward throughout its range, usually building 

 in the draperies of the beautiful "Spanish moss" (Tillandsia). 



Possibly the strange nest found by Mr. Otto Widmann, near St. 

 Louis, may have belonged to this bird. In 1885 he found the nest of 

 a Parula Warbler in a bunch of light' drift material — straw, grass, dry- 

 leaves, etc. — left by a freshet, attached to the end of the branch of 

 a birch tree overhanging the water. 



In structure this nest is similar to other nests of this bird, with 

 the exception that the straw and leaves take the place of the lichens 

 and mosses. Mr. H. Nehrling says the song of the Parula consists of 

 "wiry, rather shrill, notes, sounding like chin-rin-in-ruh." 



